Christopher Houston Carson <24 December 1809 - May 23, 1868), better known as Kit Carson , is an American frontiersman. He is a mountain man (feather trap), wilderness guide, Indian agent, and US Army officer. Carson became a frontier legend in his own life through biographies and news articles. Often exaggerated, the version of its exploits is the subject of a dime novel.
Carson left home in rural Missouri at the age of 16 to become a mountain man and trapper in the West. In the 1830s, he accompanied Ewing Young on an expedition to Mexican California and joined a furrowing expedition to the Rocky Mountains. He lives in and marries Arapaho and Cheyenne.
In the 1840s, he was hired as a guide by John C. Fremont. The Fremont expedition covers most of California, Oregon, and Great Basin. Fremont charted and wrote reports and comments on the Oregon Trail to assist and encourage American pioneers headed west. Carson achieved national fame through Fremont accounts of his expeditions. Under Fremont's command, Carson participated in the conquest of Mexican California at the start of the Mexican-American War. Later in the war, Carson was a scout and courier, celebrated for his rescue mission after the Battle of San Pasqual and for his journey from coast to coast from California to Washington, DC to deliver news of the conflict in California to the US government.. In the 1850s, he was appointed Indian agent for Ute Indians and Jicarilla Apaches.
During the American Civil War, Carson led the regiment of most Hispanic volunteers from New Mexico on the Union side at the Battle of Valverde in 1862. When the threat of the New Mexico Confederation was eliminated, Carson led troops to suppress Navajo, Mescalero Apache, and Kiowa and Comanche populations by destroying sources their food.
Carson was struck by a Brigadier General and took command of Fort Garland, Colorado. He was there only briefly: poor health forced him to retire from military life. Carson married three times and had ten children. The Carson family house is in Taos, New Mexico. Carson died in Fort Lyon, Colorado, from aortic aneurysm on May 23, 1868. He was buried in Taos, New Mexico, in addition to his third wife Josefa Jaramillo.
Video Kit Carson
Kehidupan awal (1809-1829)
Carson was born in Kentucky on Christmas Eve, 1809. His parents were Lindsay (or Lindsey) Carson and his second wife, Rebecca Robinson. Lindsay has five children by her first wife Lucy Bradley, and ten more children by Rebecca. Kit is their sixth child, making her the eleventh child of Lindsay.
Lindsay Carson has a Scottish-Scottish Presbyterian background. He was a farmer, cabin builder, and a veteran of the American Revolutionary War and War of 1812. He fought the Indians on the American border, losing two fingers in his left hand in battle with Indian Fox and Sauk.
The Carsons moved to Boone's Lick, Howard County, Missouri, when Kit was about a year old. The family settled on land owned by the sons of Daniel Boone, who had bought the land from Spain. The Boone and Carson families become good friends, work and socialize together, and intermarry. Lindsay's eldest son, William, married Boone's nephew Millie Boone in 1810. Their daughter, Adaline, became Kit's favorite playmate.
Missouri at that time was the border of Western American expansion; the shacks were "forged" with a high fortress fence to defend themselves against the Indian attack. When men work in the fields, guards are placed with weapons, to protect farmers. These people are ready to kill the Indians who are attacked. Carson wrote in his book Memoirs : "For two or three years after our arrival, we must stay and need to have people stationed at the ends of the fields to protect those who work."
In 1818 Lindsay Carson died instantly when a tree limb fell on him while clearing the fields. The kit is about 8 years old. Despite having no money, his mother took care of his children alone for four years. He later married Joseph Martin, a widower with several children. Kit is a young teenager at the time and does not fit in with her stepfather. The decision was made for her apprenticeship to David Workman, a saddle in Franklin, Missouri. Kit wrote in his Memoirs that Workman was "a good man, and I often remember the good treatment I received."
Franklin is located at the eastern end of the Santa Fe Trail, which had opened two years earlier. Many of the customers in saddleshop are trappers and merchants, from whom Carson hears a stirring of Western tales. Carson found the work in the saddle did not match his taste: he once declared "the business did not suit me, and I decided to leave."
Santa Fe Trail
In August 1826, against the wishes of his mother, Kit escaped from his apprenticeship. He went west with a fur caravan, caring for their cattle. They traveled through the Santa Fe Trail to Santa Fe, the capital of Santa Fe de Nuevo MÃÆ'Ã… © xico, reaching their destination in November 1826. Kit settled in Taos.
Carson lived with Mathew Kinkead, a trapper and explorer who had served with Carson's brothers during the War of 1812. Carson was guided by Kinkead in learning the skill of a trapper, while learning the language necessary to trade. Eventually he became fluent in Spanish and some Indian languages.
Workman put an ad in a local newspaper back in Missouri. He writes that he will give a penny to anyone who brings the boy back to Franklin. No one claimed his prize. It's a bit of a joke, but Carson is free. The ad featured Carson's first printed description: "Christopher Carson, a 16-year-old boy, small in age, but has thick hair, escaped from customers, lives in Franklin, Howard county, Missouri, to whomever he is bound to study saddler trade. "
Between 1827 and 1829, Carson worked as a chef, translator, and wagon rider in the southwest. He also works at a copper mine near the Gila River in southwest New Mexico. Later, Carson never mentioned any woman from his youth. There are only three specific women mentioned in his writings: Josefa Jaramillo, his third and last wife; friends in Washington, DC; and Mrs Ann White, victims of cruelty in India.
Maps Kit Carson
Mountain man (1829-1841)
At the age of nineteen, Carson began his career as a mountain man. He traveled through many parts of the American West with famous mountain people such as Jim Bridger and Old Bill Williams. He spent the winter of 1828-1829 as a cook for Ewing Young in Taos. He joined the expedition of Young Trapers in 1829. Young's leadership and business experience is credited with forming Carson's early life in the mountains.
During August 1829, the party went to the Apache country along the Gila River. The expedition was attacked, becoming the first experience of Carson's battle. Young's party went on to trap and trade Alta California in California from Sacramento in the north to Los Angeles in the south, returning to Taos, New Mexico in April 1830 after being trapped along the Colorado River.
Carson joins the wagon train rescue team after entering Taos, and though the perpetrators have fled the cruelty, Young has a chance to witness Carson's glory and courage. Carson joined another expedition led by Thomas Fitzpatrick and William Levin in 1831. Fitzpatrick, Levin and his trappers went north to the central Rocky Mountains. Carson will hunt and trap in the West for about ten years. He is known as a reliable person and a good fighter.
Life for Carson as a mountain man is not easy. After collecting the beavers from the trap, he has to hold him for months at a time until the annual Rocky Mountain Rendezvous, held in remote areas of the West like the Green River in Wyoming. With money received for the skin, the necessities of independent living including fish, flour and tobacco hooks are obtained. Because there was little or no medical access in the various areas where he worked, Carson had to dress his wounds and take care of himself. Conflict with certain Indians sometimes happens. Carson's main outfit at the time was deer skin that had been strained after being left out for some time. This suit offers some protection against special weapons used by Indians.
The rowdy bear is one of the greatest enemies of mountain man. A special incident involving animals occurred to Carson in 1834 because he was hunting a deer alone. Two bears crossed with him and quickly chased him to a tree. One of the bears tried to make it fall by shaking the tree, but it did not work and eventually left. Carson returned to his camp as quickly as possible. He writes in his Memoirs that: "[The Bear] has finally decided to go, which I gladly admit, never felt so scared in my life."
The last series was held in 1840. At that time, the feather trade began to decline. Fashionable men in London, Paris, and New York want a silk hat instead of a beaver hat. In addition, beaver populations throughout North America are rapidly declining from over-exploitation. Carson knew it was time to look for another job. He writes in his Memoirs that "Beaver is getting rare, it becomes necessary to try our hands on something else."
In 1841, he was employed at Bent's Fort in Colorado, in the largest building on the Santa Fe Trail. Hundreds of people work or live there. Carson hunts buffalo, antelope, deer, and other animals to feed these people. He was paid a dollar a day. He returned to Bent's Fort several times during his life to return to provide meat for the inhabitants of the castle.
Indian fighter
Carson was nineteen years old when he set out on Ewing Young's expedition to the Rocky Mountains in 1829. In addition to the free-spirited fireflies and firepower company, Carson sought action and adventure. He found what he was looking for in killing and scaring the Indians. Carson probably killed and took his first Indian scalp when he was nineteen years old, during Ewing Young's expedition.
Carson's Memoir is full of stories about an unfriendly Indian encounter with the memoirist. In January 1833, for example, the Gagak warriors stole nine horses from the Carson camp. Carson and two other men spray Crow's camp with gunfire, killing almost every Crow. Carson writes in Memoirs: "During our search for the lost animals, we suffered greatly but, the success of restoring our horses and sending many redskins to his long house, our suffering was soon forgotten."
Carson views the Blackfoots as a hostile tribe, believing that they are the greatest threat to their livelihood, salvation, and life. He hates Blackfeet, and kills them at every opportunity. Historian David Roberts writes: "It is believed that Blackfeet is a bad Indian, to shoot them whenever he can be the instinct and task of a mountain man."
Carson has several meetings with Blackfeet. His final fight with Blackfeet occurred in the spring of 1838. He traveled with about a hundred mountain men led by Jim Bridger. In the Montana region, the group found a teepee with three Indian corpses inside. All three have died of smallpox. Bridger wanted to continue, but Carson and the other youths wanted to kill Blackfeet.
They found Blackfoot village and killed ten Blackfeet warriors. Blackfeet found some security in the pile of stones but was expelled. It is not known how many Blackfeet died in this incident. Historian David Roberts writes: "[I] anything like compassion filled Carson's chest because, by the twenty-ninth year, he saw the ruined Blackfeet camp, he did not care to remember it." Carson writes in Memoirs that this battle is "the most beautiful battle I have ever seen."
Carson's idea of ​​Indians softened over the years. She found herself more and more in their company as she grew up. His opinion about Indians became more understanding and more humane. He urged the government to set aside land called reservations for use. As an Indian agent, he made sure that the people under his supervision were treated honestly, fairly, and dressed and properly fed. Historian David Roberts believes his first marriage to an Arapaho woman named Singing Grass "softened the hard and pragmatic opponent of the mountaineer."
Expedition with John Charles Frà © mont (1842-1848)
In April 1842, Carson returned to his childhood home in Missouri to place his daughter, Adaline, in the care of relatives. On the way home, Carson meets John C. Fremont in a steamboat on the Missouri River. FrÃÆ' Â © mont is a US Army officer in the Topographical Engineer Corps. He will lead the expedition to the West. After a short conversation, Pastor mont hire Carson as a guide at $ 100 a month. It was the best pay job of Carson's life. FrÃÆ'Â © mont writes, "I am delighted with him and his attitude towards this first meeting.He is a man of medium height, broad shoulder, and deep, with clear blue eyes and honest speech and address, quiet and simple. "
First expedition, 1842
In 1842, Carson guided FrÃÆ'Â © mont across the Oregon Trail to the South Pass, Wyoming. This is their first expedition to the West together. The purpose of this expedition is to map and describe the Oregon Trail as far as the South Pass. A guide book, maps, and other supplies will be printed for migrants and settlers headed west. After five months, problem-free missions are completed, FrÃÆ'Â © mont writes his government report. These reports make Carson's name known throughout the United States, and encourage the migration of settlers west to Oregon via the Oregon Trail.
Second expedition, 1843
In 1843, Carson agreed to join the second expedition Frà © mont. He guided Frà © mont on the part of the Oregon Trail to the Columbia River in Oregon. The purpose of the expedition was to map and depict the Oregon Trail from South Pass, Wyoming to the Columbia River. They also stumble to Great Salt Lake in Utah, using rubber rafts to wade through the waters. On a trip to California, the party suffered bad weather in the Sierra Nevada Mountains, but was saved by Carson's good judgment and his guiding skills. They found the American settlers who fed them. The expedition then headed to California. This is illegal and dangerous because California is a Mexican region. The Mexican government ordered FrÃÆ'  © mont to leave. FrÃÆ'  © mont finally returns to Washington, D.C. The government liked the report, but ignored the illegal journey to Mexico. FrÃÆ'  © mont made as captain. The newspaper called him "The Pathfinder".
During this expedition, Frà © mont runs into the Mojave Desert. His party met a man and a Mexican boy. Both told Carson that Native Americans had ambushed their group of travelers. The male explorers were killed; female travelers stalked to the ground, sexually mutilated, and killed. The killers then stole 30 Mexican horses. Carson and a male mountain friend named Alexis Godey went after the assassins. It took them two days to find them. They rush to their camps, killing and skinning two killers. The stolen horses were found and returned to the man and the Mexican boy. This action brought Carson even greater fame. This confirms his status as a western hero in the eyes of the American people.
The third expedition, 1845
In 1845, Carson guided FrÃÆ'Ã… © mont on their third and final expedition. They went to California and Oregon. FrÃÆ'  © mont make a scientific plan, but the expedition seems to be political. FrÃÆ'  © © may have been working under a secret government order. President Polk wants Alta California province for the United States. Once in California, Frà © mont began raising the American settlers into patriotic fever. The Mexican government ordered him to leave. Fran mont went north to Oregon, though not before inciting the Sacramento River slaughter, where at least 150 Indians died in unwarranted attacks. The party moved along the Sacramento River, continuing to kill the Indians as they went, then camped near Lake Klamath. A message from Washington, DC explains that President Polk wants California.
At Lake Klamath in southern Oregon, Frà © mont was hit by a revenge attack by 15-20 Indians on the night of May 9, 1846. Two or three people at the camp were killed. The attackers fled after a short struggle. Carson is angry that his friends have been killed. He took the ax and avenged the death of his friends by cutting off the dead Indian face. FrÃÆ'Ã… © mont writes, "She hit her head to pieces."
In retaliation for the attack, a few days later Frà © mon monte massacred the village of the Klamath population along the Williamson River in the Klamath Lake massacre. The whole village was destroyed and at least 14 men, women and children were killed. There is no evidence that the village had anything to do with the previous attack.
Bear Flag Revolt
In June 1846, Frà © mont and Carson both participated in the California uprising against Mexico called the Bearing Flag Raid. Mexico ordered all Americans to leave California. They did not want to leave, and declared California an independent republic. American settlers in California want to be free from the Mexican government. Americans find the courage to oppose Mexico because they have FrÃÆ'  © mont and his troops behind them. FrÃÆ'  © mont write the oath of allegiance. He and his people are able to provide protection to Americans. He ordered Carson to execute an old Mexican man named Jose De La Reyes Berryessa and his two nephews. The three were arrested when they landed in San Francisco Bay. They were executed to prevent them from taking reports to Mexico about the uprising.
FrÃÆ' Â © mont work hard to win California to USA. He became his military governor. Carson took a military record to the Secretary of War in Washington, DC. FrÃÆ'Â © mont writes, "This is a service of great trust and honor... and great danger too." In 1847 and 1848, Carson made two quick trips to Washington, DC with messages and reports. In 1848, he took news of the California Golden Strikes to the country's parliament building.
Books and novels tenth (1847-1859)
Carson's fame spread throughout the United States with government reports, equivalent novels, newspaper accounts, and word of mouth. The equivalent novels celebrate Carson's adventures, but are usually colored with exaggeration. A factual biography was attempted by DeWitt C. Peters in 1859, but has been criticized for inaccuracies and dignitaries. Carson became a teenage fiction hero not only in the United States but also published in French, German, Portuguese, Gujarati, Hindi, Singhalese, Arabic, and Japanese.
Novel Dime
The first story about Carson's adventure was printed in 1847. It was called Kit Carson Adventure: A Tale of Sacramento . It was printed in Holden Dollar Magazine . Other stories are also printed, such as Kit Carson: The Prince of the Goldhunters and The Prairie Flower . The author considers Carson the perfect mountain man and Indian fighter. Her exciting adventures are printed in Kiowa Charley's story, The White Mustanger; or, Scalp Hunt's Last Rocky Mountain Kit . In this story, the older Kit is said to have "ridden to the Sioux camp unattended and alone, has come out again, but with the greatest scalp of their warriors on his belt."
Indian Prisoner India Ann White
In 1849, Carson led an army on Ny's street. Ann White and her baby girl. They have been captured by Apache. No one notices Carson's suggestion of a rescue attempt, and Mrs. White is found dead with an arrow in her heart. He has been tortured, and may have passed among his captors as a camp whore. Her son had been taken away, and was never found.
A soldier in the rescue group writes: "Mrs. White is a weak, gentle and very beautiful woman, but has experienced such use because she has not suffered anything but a dead shipwreck, it is completely covered with blows and scratches. even after death shows a hopeless creature.On his corpse, we swear revenge on the persecutors. "
Carson found a book about himself in the Apache camp. This is the first time he has found himself in print. He is a hero of adventure stories. She's sorry for the rest of her life that Mrs. White has been killed. He wrote in his book Memoirs: "In the camp found a book, the first of a kind I have ever seen, where I was made a great hero, killing Indians by hundreds... I have often thought that Madam White read the same thing... [and prayed] for my appearance that he might be saved. "
Memoir
In 1856, Carson told his life story to someone who wrote it. This book is called Memoirs . The manuscript was lost when it was taken East to find a professional writer who would work into a book. Washington Irving was asked, but rejected. The missing manuscript was found in the trunk in Paris in 1905. It was later printed. Carson's first biography was written by DeWitt C. Peters in 1859. The book is called Kit Carson, Nestor of the Mountains, from the Facts Narrated by Himself . When the book was read to Carson, he said, "Peters put it on a leetle too thick."
Mexican-American_War_ (1846-1848) "> Mexican-American War (1846-1848)"> Mexican-American War (1846-) The Mexican-American War (1846-8) 1848)
Taking place from 1846 to 1848, the Mexican-American War is an armed conflict between the United States and Mexico. At the end of the war, Mexico was forced to sell the territory of Alta California and New Mexico to the United States under the Agreement Guadalupe Hidalgo.
One of Carson's famous adventures took place during this war. In December 1846, Carson was ordered by General Stephen W. Kearny to guide him and his troops from Socorro, New Mexico to San Diego, California. Mexican soldiers attacked Kearny and his men near the village of San Pasqual, California.
Kearny outnumbered. He knew he could not win; he ordered his men to take shelter on a small hill. On the night of December 8, Carson, a naval lieutenant named Beale, and an Indian scout left Kearny to bring reinforcements from San Diego, as far as 40 miles (40 km). Carson and the lieutenant took off their shoes because they made too much noise, and walked barefoot through the desert. Carson wrote in his Memoirs: "Finally successful, but unfortunate to lose his shoes, must travel to a country covered by pears and barbed rocks, barefoot."
On December 10, Kearny believes reinforcements will not come. He planned to break through the Mexican lines the next morning, but the 200 American troops installed arrived in San Pasqual late at night. They swept the area, driving the Mexicans away. Kearny was in San Diego on December 12th.
Military_career_.281861.E2.80.931868.29 "> Military career (1861-1868)
In April 1861, the American Civil War broke out. Carson left his job as an Indian agent and joined the Union Army as a lieutenant. He leads Infantry Infantry Infantry 1 New Mexico and trains new people. In October 1861, he was appointed colonel. The Volunteers fought against the Confederate forces in the Battle of Valverde in New Mexico, in February 1862. The Confederacy won this battle but was later defeated in June and retreated to Texas.
Campaign against Apache
After the Confederacy was expelled from New Mexico, Carson's commander Major General James Henry Carleton turned his attention to Native Americans. Author and historian Edwin Sabin writes that this officer had "psychopathic hatred of Apache". Carleton led his troops deep into the Apache Mescalero region. Mescaleros tired of battle and put himself under Carson's protection. Carleton puts this Apache in a secluded and deserted spot on the Pecos River.
Carson did not like Apaches either. He wrote in the report that Jicarilla Apaches was "really the most degraded and troubled Indian in our department... [W] e every day watching them drunk in our plaza." Carson halfheartedly supported Carleton's plan. He was tired and had an injury two years before that made it a big deal. He resigned from the Army in February 1863. Carleton refused to accept his resignation because he wanted Carson to lead a campaign against the Navajo.
Carleton has chosen a dreary site on the Pecos River for a reservation, called Bosque Redondo (Round Grove). He chose this site for Apaches and Navajos because it is far from a white settlement. He also wants this Apache and Navajo to act as a buffer for any aggressive action taken on the white settlements of Kiowas and Comanches east of Bosque Redondo. He also thought that the isolation and sadness of the reservation would deter white settlements.
The Mescalero Apaches runs 130 miles (210 km) to the reservation. By March 1863, four hundred Apache had settled around nearby Fort Sumner. Others fled west to join Apaches game groups. In the middle of summer, many of these people plant crops and do other agricultural work.
On July 7, Carson, with a little heart for the Navajo group, started a campaign against the tribe. His commands are almost the same as those for the Apache group: he must shoot all the men in sight and capture the women and children of the captives. There is no peace agreement to be made until all Navajo are in reservation.
Carson was looking all the way to Navajo. He found their homes, fields, animals, and gardens, but the Navajo were experts who disappeared quickly and hid in their vast land. The roundup proved frustrating to Carson. He's in his fifties, tired, and sick. In the autumn of 1863, Carson began burning homes and fields of Navajo and moving their animals from the area. The Navajo will starve if this destruction continues. One hundred eighty-eight Navajo surrendered and sent to Bosque Redondo. Life in Bosque has turned dim. Murder happened. Apaches and Navajo fought. Water in Pecos contains minerals that give people cramps and abdominal pain. Residents must travel 12 miles (19 km) to search for firewood.
Gorges de Chelly
Carson wants to take a winter break from the campaign. Major General Carleton refused, ordering him to attack Canyon de Chelly, where many Navajo people were displaced. Historian David Roberts writes, "Carson's sweep through Canyon de Chelly in the winter of 1863-1864 will prove to be a decisive action in the Campaign."
The Canyon de Chelly is a shrine to the Navajo. They believe that it will be their strongest shelter. Three hundred Navajos took refuge on the edge of the canyon at a place called Fortress Rock. They rejected Carson's invasion by building ladders of ropes and bridges, lowering pots of water into rivers, and remaining silent and invisible. Three hundred Navajo survived the invasion. In January 1864, Carson swept the Canyon 35 miles (56 km) with his troops. Thousands of peach trees in the canyon are cut down. Some Navajo were killed or captured. However, Carson's invasion proves to Navajo that the United States can invade their country at any time. Many Navajo people surrendered in Fort Canby.
In March 1864, there were 3,000 refugees in Fort Canby. 5,000 extra arriving at the camp. They suffer from colds and starvation. Carson asked for supplies to feed and use them. Thousands of Navajos were taken to Bosque Redondo. Many died along the way. The fugitive on the back was shot and killed. In Navajo history, this horrible journey is known as the Long Walk of the Navajo. In 1866, reports showed that Bosque Redondo failed miserably, and Major Carleton was dismissed. Congress begins investigation. In 1868, an agreement was signed, and Navajo was allowed to return to their homeland. Bosque Redondo is closed.
First Battle of Adobe Walls
On November 25, 1864, Carson led his forces against the southwestern tribes at the First Battle of Adobe Walls in Texas. Adobe Walls is an abandoned trading post blown up by its inhabitants to prevent a hostile takeover by Indians. Fighters in the First Battle are the United States Army and Indian scouts against Kiowas, Comanches, and Plains Apaches. It was one of the greatest battles that took place in the Great Plains.
The battle was the result of General Carleton's belief that the Indians were responsible for the ongoing attacks on settlers along the Santa Fe Trail. He wanted to punish them and bring Carson to do the work. With most of the Army involved elsewhere during the American Civil War, the protection the settlers sought was almost nonexistent. Carson leads 260 cavalry, 75 infantry, and 72 Ute and Jicarilla Apache Army scouts. In addition, he has two mountain howitzer cannons.
On the morning of November 25, Carson found and attacked a Kiowa village with 176 ruins. After destroying this village, he moved to Adobe Walls. Carson finds another Comanche village in the area, and realizes that he will face the enormous power of Native Americans. A Captain Pettis estimates 1,200 to 1,400 Comanche and Kiowa begin to gather. That number will swell, according to some accounts, up to 3,000 that does not make sense. Four to five hours of fighting ensued. When Carson ran out of ammunition and howitzer bullets, he ordered his men to retreat to the nearby Kiowa village. There they set fire to the village and many nice buffalo robes. His Indian scouts kill and mutilate four old and weak Kiowas.
The retreat to New Mexico then begins. There were several deaths among the Carsons. General Carleton wrote to Carson: "This extraordinary business adds another green leaf to the laurel bouquet that has been so won by the nobles to serve your country."
Personal life
In 1847, General William Tecumseh Sherman met Kit Carson in Monterey, California. Sherman writes: "His fame is at its peak,... and I really want to see someone who has achieved such a feat among wild animals in the Rocky Mountains, and there are still many Indians on the plains... I can not express my surprise when I see a a small, shaky man with reddish hair, freckled faces, soft blue eyes, and no one showed great courage or courage, but spoke a little and answered the questions in the first letter. "
Colonel Edward W. Wynkoop writes: "The Carson kit is five feet five and one and a half inches high, weighs about 140 pounds, tempered tempered, iron, precisely built, slightly webbed, and the members seem too short for his body. But his head and face covered all the imperfections of his man, his head large and shapely with his straight yellow hair, long, falling on his shoulders, his face smooth and smooth like a woman's high cheekbones, straight nose, mouth with a stern, but rather sad, sharp, deep but beautiful, mild blue eyes, which can be terrifying in some circumstances, and like the warnings of rattlesnakes, giving notice of attack Though quickly visible, he is slow and gentle in speech, and has a high natural simplicity.
Lieutenant George Douglas Brewerton made an inter-coastal trip to the coast to Washington, D.C. with Carson. Brewerton writes: "The Kit Carson of my imagination is over six feet tall - a sort of modern Hercules in its build - with a very large beard, and a lion-like sound is raised... The original Kit Carson I found a plain, simple man... a man, somewhat under medium height, with brown hair, curls, little or no beard, and a soft and gentle voice like a woman, a hundred desperate encounters, most of his life spent in the middle the wilderness, where the white man is virtually unknown, is one of the Dame Nature men... "
Freemasonry
Carson joined Freemasonry in the Santa Fe Territory of New Mexico who petitioned at Montezuma Lodge No. 3. 101. He was initiated Entered Apprentice on April 22, 1854, graduating to Fellowcraft level 17 June 1854, and was appointed to an extraordinary level by Master Mason on December 26, 1854, just two days after his fortieth birthday. Kit, along with several other Freemasons in Taos, filed a petition to Charter Bent Lodge. 204 (now Bent Lodge # 42) from Grand Lodge of Missouri AF & amp; AM, requests were granted on June 1, 1860, with Kit selected Junior Supervisor.
The Masonic Brotherhood continues to serve him and his family, both after his death. In 1908, the Grand Lodge of New Mexico established a wrought iron fence around the graves of his family's funeral. The following year, Grand Lodge challenged Bent Lodge to buy and preserve Kit's home. Over a century later, Kit Carson Home & amp; The museum is still managed by the lodge today.
Wedding
Carson married three times. His first two wives were Native Americans. His third wife is a Mexican. Carson is the father of ten children. He never wrote about his first two marriages in Memoirs. He might have thought he would be known as a "squaw man". Such people are not welcomed by a polite society.
In 1836, Carson met an Arapaho woman named Waanibe (Singing Grass, or Grass Singing) at a mountain man held along the Green River in Wyoming. Singing Grass is a beautiful young woman, and many mountain men fall in love with her. Carson was forced to fight with a French trapman named Chouinard to hand Waanibe in marriage. Carson won, but he has a very narrow escape. French bullet bombard rained down on his hair. The duel was one of the most famous stories about Carson in the 19th century.
Carson married Singing Grass. He takes care of his needs, and goes with him on his trap journey. They have a daughter named Adaline (or Adeline). Singing Grass died after giving birth to Carson's second daughter, around 1841. The second child did not live long: in 1843 he fell into a kettle of boiling soap in Taos, New Mexico.
Carson's life as a mountain boy is too difficult for a little girl so he brings Adaline to stay with his sister Mary Ann Carson Rubey at St. Louis, Missouri. Adaline is taught in schools for girls called seminars. Carson brought West when he was a teenager. She married George Stilts of St. Louis, and divorced. In 1858, he went to the California goldfield. Adaline died in 1860 or after 1862, possibly in Mono County, California.
In 1841, Carson married a Cheyenne woman named Making-Out-Road. They were together in no time. Making-Out-Road divorced her on the street of her people by placing Adaline and all the Carson properties outside their tent. Making-Out-Road left Carson to travel with his people through the west.
Around 1842, Carson met Josefa Jaramillo. She is the daughter of a wealthy and prominent Mexican couple living in Taos. To marry her, Carson left the Presbyterian Church for the Catholic Church. He married 14-year-old Josefa on February 6, 1843. They had eight children.
Illiteracy
Carson is illiterate. She is embarrassed by this, and tries to hide it. In 1856, he dictated his Memoirs to others and stated later: "I was a boy at the school house when the cry came, Injun! I jumped into my rifle and threw my spelling book, and that's a lie. "
Carson liked to have someone else read to him, and preferred George Gordon's poem, Lord Byron. Carson thinks of Sir Walter Scott's long poem, Lady of the Lake is "the best expression of outdoor life." Carson eventually learned to write "C. Carson", but it was very difficult for him. He makes a mark on official paper, and this sign is then witnessed by other officers or officials.
Last days
When the Civil War ended, and the Indian War campaign was in pause, Carson was appointed brigadier general of brevet (dated 13 March 1865) and appointed the commander of Ft. Garland, Colorado, in the heart of Ute country. Carson has many Ute friends in the area and assists in government relations.
After being collected from the Army, Carson took the ranch, settling in Boggsville in Bent County. In 1868, at the urging of Washington and the Commissar of Indian Affairs, Carson traveled to Washington D.C., where he ushered in several Ute Heads to meet with the President of the United States to appeal for their tribal assistance.
As soon as he returned, his wife Josefa died of complications after giving birth to their eighth child. His death was a severe blow to Carson. He died a month later at the age of 58 on May 23, 1868, in the presence of Dr. Tilton and his friend Thomas Boggs at doctor's residence in Fort Lyon, Colorado. His last words were "Goodbye, my friends. Adios, compadres ". The cause of death is a stomach aortic aneurysm. The resort is Taos, New Mexico.
Legacy
The Carson House in Taos, New Mexico is now a museum called Kit Carson House and Museum. A monument grew up on the square in Santa Fe by the Grand Army New Mexico. In Denver, the installed Kit Carson statue can be found on Monnies Mon Monies Mac Monies. Other riding statues can be seen in Trinidad, Colorado. Carson National Forest in New Mexico is named for him, as well as the county and city in Colorado. A river in Nevada is named for Carson as well as the state capital, Carson City. Fort Carson, an army training post near Colorado Springs, was named for him during World War II by a popular vote of male training there. Kit Carson Park in Escondido, California was named for him.
Carson has been widely depicted in film and television series. In 1966, actor Phillip Pine played Carson with Michael Pate as fellow Fremont Scout Frenchy Godey in the episode of "Samaritans, Mountain Style" from the syndication series, Death Valley Days, hosted by Robert Taylor. In the storyline, Carson and Godey stop to help a settler in trouble.
In the 1960s and 1970s, Carson was under the supervision of contemporary historians, and ideas about his historical heritage began to change. The previous account describes Carson as an American hero, but in this period's scholarship he became a heavy criminal in a military campaign against the Indians. In 1992, for example, a young professor at Colorado College managed to demand that Carson's period photos be removed from the ROTC office. In 1992, a tourist told a reporter at Carson's home in Taos, "I will not go home for the racist killer and the genocide." In the 1970s, a Navajo at a trading post said, "No one here will speak of Kit Carson, he is a butcher." In 1993, a symposium was organized to air out views on Carson, but Navajo spokesmen refused to attend.
Over time, Carson's historical analysis shifted again. David Roberts writes, "The Carson Trajectory, over three and a half decades, from Apaches and Blackfeet killers unwise to Utes's defenders and champions, marks him as one of several frontiersmen whose heart changes to the Indians, born not from mission theory but experience first hand, could serve as an example for a more enlightened policy that was sporadically acquired on the day of the twentieth century. "
Media depictions
Jon Hall plays Carson in the 1940s Western Carson Kit .
Rip Torn plays Carson in the 1986 miniseries of Dream West .
Carson is the inspiration for the same named character in the popular Italian comic book series Tex Trader.
Reputation
Carson's contributions to western history have been reviewed by Indian historians, journalists and activists since the 1960s. In 1968, Carson biographer Harvey L. Carter declared:
In connection with actual exploitation and its true character, however, Carson is not too much. If history had to choose one man from among the Mountain Men to receive the admiration of the next generation, Carson was the best choice. It has a much better quality and fewer bad qualities than others in that it varies a lot of individuals.
Several journalists and writers over the last 25 years presented an alternative view of Kit Carson. For example, Virginia Hopkins stated in 1988 that "Kit Carson is directly or indirectly responsible for the deaths of thousands of Indians".
The sides say that Carson believes Native Americans need reservations as a way of physically separating and protecting them from white and white cultural feuds. He is said to have seen raids in white settlements driven by despair, "committed from an absolute necessity when in a state of famine." Indian hunting grounds disappeared as a wave of white settlers filled the area.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
0 Comments