wood is the type of club used in golf. Woods has a longer and larger axis, round heads than any other club type, and is used to hit the ball a longer distance than any other type.
Woods is so called because, traditionally, they have club heads made of hardwood, generally persimmon, but modern clubs have heads made of metal, such as titanium, or composite materials, such as carbon fiber. Some golf enthusiasts refer to this as "metal" or "metal wood" but changes to this terminology are not really necessary, because when the material has changed, the style and the intended use have not. Changes to more powerful materials have enabled modern wood design to incorporate heads that are much larger than in the past. Due to the increase in club head size, in 2004, USGA made new provisions for club head size. The maximum legal volume shift from each clubhead (with golf rules) is 460 cm 3 (28.1 cuÃ, in)
Woods are numbered in ascending order starting with driver, or 1-wood, which has the lowest attic (usually between 9 and 13 degrees), and continues with higher loops and numbers. Most modern timber is sold as an individual club that allows players to customize their club sets, but a set that fits the woods, especially as part of a complete club set, is readily available. The odd-numbered attic is the most common in player bags, although 2- and 4-forests are available in many model lines. The number of clubs is primarily a reference for players to easily identify clubs; the actual loft angle of a certain amount varies between manufacturers, and there is often overlapping loft (one 3-wood may be higher-lofted than 4-timber from different brands or models). Other identifiers have been used such as "strong" and "plus" to differentiate the loft within the club ranks.
Woods generally falls into two classes, drivers and forest fairways, with a traditional set of clubs including a driver and one or two fairway woods (usually numbering 3 and 5). Many modern sets tend to include hybrid clubs, which combine several characteristics of wood and iron, to replace 5 wood and low lofted iron.
The latest trend is to produce wood and hybrids that can be customized by players to provide loft and other settings.
Video Wood (golf)
Driver
The 1-wood, or driver , is the lowest, longest, and often the lightest club in the player's bag, and is meant to launch the longest ball of any club. Initially, the driver is only slightly larger than other wood and designed for use from the tee or fairway, but with the advent of hollow metal clubhead construction, the driver has become very particular to use from the tees by incorporating oversized heads and striking faces to maximize the "sweet spot" which gives the best results. It is possible to hit the modern racer of the fairway grass, but it requires a high skill level and a certain amount of luck regarding the ball lies. Some woods 2 are available with the same-faced design but higher attic, which can be used in situations when players need slightly less distance than their average drive, or have to make a long-range shot from the fairway or rough. However, any 2-wood type is not common, because players in this situation will more often choose 3-wood, and save space in bags for less specialized clubs such as wedges or hybrids.
The driver has become the most expensive single club of the modern club, largely because of the high emphasis placed on the player's drive distance; Longer drives make the ball closer to the green with fewer sweeps allowing better chances of the bird or eagle. While drivers are available as cheap as $ 20, this is primarily marketed in junior players; the price range for drivers marketed to adult amateur players is generally between $ 130- $ 500, with clubs made exclusively for top class players and tour professionals costing thousands or even tens of thousands of dollars (in the case of prototype or preproduction clubs supplied by manufacturers sponsor club). In comparison, the top end of the retail driver, $ 500, is proportional to the price of all suitable quality iron sets, and the next most expensive single club, putter and fairway woods, generally range from $ 100- $ 350.
Driver customization
With high emphasis on drive distance and accuracy by players who want to "play like a pro", a large amount of adjustments are available in the driver to provide club configurations that best suit the player's special swing mechanics. The club makers generally provide selection and/or customization of five things: the flexible shaft, which determines how energy is stored and released during a player's swing; loft angle, which is the determinant of launch angle and backspin; offset, which determines the angle of the clubface will impact the ball; clubhead mass, which can "perfect" clubhead behavior for player swing tempo; and the center of mass, which is also a factor in the launch and backspin angles.
These customizations are usually grouped in certain general configurations. A player with the correct average power swing (clubhead speed around 85-100 mph during impact) will generally want a driver with a regular flexible shaft, 10.5 ° loft, low offset (0-2 °) against "closure" The face (tilted toward the player), and the center of gravity is low. This has generally been shown to provide the overall distance and best flight behavior of the average swing, and drivers with this configuration are widely available. Drivers with low offset or offset offset are often called "game repair" drivers or just "regular" drivers. Ladies and seniors typically have slower swing speeds (60-85 mph), and to maximize distance, it is important to increase "hang time" so that lower horizontal velocity at launch can bring the ball farther. These players generally benefit from more flexible axes and higher attic angles; this combination of "times" releases energy stored in the shaft to a slow swing, and an increased attic will launch the ball higher and increase the backspin to increase flight time. The standard female driver has a 13 Â ° attic and a "Lady" -flex shaft, while the senior male driver averages 11Ã, Â ° and has a "middle" or "senior" shaft.
Players with the problem of cutting their drive shots (for right handler, slice start straight and curve to the right) can benefit from an enclosed addition of 3-4 Â °, which will help clubface square to ball during swing. This is usually referred to as the "maximum game increase" driver, sometimes as a "balance drive" because players with the correct swing using such drivers will pull their shots (for the right handler, "series" starts straight away but the left curve).
A player with a stronger-than-average swing (& gt; 100 mph at impact) usually wants a rigid axle and a lower attic, about 9.5 °, which will respond better to a faster swing tempo and will launching the ball lower so that energy is spent to send the ball out rather than storing it in the air. The same player may also benefit from a "Tour driver", which has an offset of 1-2Ã, to "open" the clubface (the angle is away from the player), and higher, rear-back mass center. These changes can fix certain problems with powerful swings, such as torquing within the clubhead "closing" it to the pull that causes the withdrawal, and the usually low and advanced center of gravity causing excessive backspin that can create a "balloon" drive; the shot will start low but curve upward in flight, then "stall" and fall to the grass, reducing the total distance. Most of the rigid drive shaft is typically marked X-Stiff or even more. This is generally a professional level stiffness due to the scarcity of amateur players who are capable of hitting swing speeds of more than 110 mph, although this also happens sometimes.
The furthest driver of all is a long-capacity club, which may have a 48-inch axle. This is the maximum legal shaft length in golf. Maximum shaft length is unpopular even in professional golf, due to inconsistency of shots and smaller margin errors they provide.
Maps Wood (golf)
Fairway forest
The higher-grade wood is commonly known as fairway forest and, as the name suggests, is designed for shooting from fairway areas that still require long distances, such as the second shot of par- 5 or par-4 holes. They have two important features: a higher attic to lift the ball out of the grass and pass through low obstacles like hills, and a shallower facial height that allows players to hit the ball off the ground using the right club center, providing a greater distance for shots like that. Both of these design features allow players to hit the fairway forest off the ground more easily than the modern-faced driver. Wood fairway is also handy from a tee hanging on a hole; players may for example want to play their short shot tee (known as "laying up") because of dogleg or danger in their driver's range, and would opt for their 3-wood. Fairway wood is usually made with a slightly shorter and more rigid axle, a smaller club head and more loft than a rider or 2 wood.
While most modern modern clubs only include one fairway wood, 3-wood wood, usually available from major brands in lofts up to 9-wood. 4-timber is sometimes seen as a 3-wood substitute (for a smooth range difference between player drivers and wood fairway), while 5-wood is a common addition to 3-timber for players who prefer fairway for long iron woods to play through the green. 7-timber is rare in male clubs but is more common in women's and elderly sets, again as a substitute for low-loft low-loft low-angle low-angle iron can risk a hilly or bumpy fairway. Some custom clubmakers offer wood in lofts up to 55 Â ° (a "25-wood" equivalent to sand wedges); this can be used to replace all standard sets of iron with wood, for players who prefer swing mechanics and wood behavior with irons and wedges.
Design
The wooden head is roughly spherical with a slightly bulging clubface and generally flat soles that glide over the ground without digging during a swing. The traditional wooden "wooden" clubhead is the name; beech wood or ash common before the twentieth century, and then persimmon or maple for the better. Modern club heads are usually made of perforated steel, titanium or composite materials, and are sometimes called "metalwood" or "metal fairway" recently. Pinseeker Golf Corp. innovated the first stainless steel metalwood called Bombshell in 1976. The design is somewhat unconventional and lacks the promotional success necessary for profitable long-term marketing - it was discontinued 3 years later. In 1979, Taylor Made produced a traditional stainless steel wooden head called "Pittsburgh Kesemek" which reached market acceptance in the mid-1980s. The heads of aluminum made up of aluminum appeared in the mid-1980s but were slow to catch because their introduction was through independent component manufacturers and not club manufacturers based on greater support. Very large size racers (300-500cc) arrive with titanium metallurgy meaning reasonable 'headweight' can be achieved with a very large but thin-skinned structure. In the mid-2000s, titanium heads could be made into 1000 cc (Golfsmith Inc. made 1,000 cc (61.0 cuÃ, in) in the mid-2000s). Around this time the USGA decided to limit the size of the driver's head to 460 cc (28.1 cuÃ, in) because the rules that required heads to become traditional forms were being over-stretched. However, during this period the club's manufacturing business needed financial assistance, so the USGA relaxed the "traditional form" rule while upholding the new 460cc boundary, and new head shapes appeared, such as "torpedoes" and rectangular shapes, to attract the public buy into designs potentially improving the game especially regarding the better end result.
Typical attic for wood ranges from 7.5 to 31 degrees. Loft drivers are generally centered around 10.5 °, but the attic is desirable depending on the swing speed of the player (low swing speeds require higher attic); male attic varies between 8 and 11 degrees while female drivers are between 10 and 13 degrees, and senior loft trends toward the upper range by gender. The average 3-timber has a 13-16 degree loft (usually 15 Â °) and the 5-wood average has a loft of 18-21 degrees. The attic is higher than the overlap with the iron in the distance, but many players prefer high-grade wood to low-rise irons wherever they can be used because wood is more easily beaten than "long iron". The attic of a given club number varies between manufacturer, model line, and target player.
The length of the trunk varies from about 40-48 inches (101.6-121.9 cm), with the current standard length for the driver to be 45 inches (114.3 cm), previously 43.5 inches (110.5 cm). Graphite shafts are usually preferred for wood because of its light weight, allowing the user to produce higher head speeds and longer distances. Maximum legal length shaft by USGA and R & amp; Rule A is 48 in (121.9 cm), although some wood used in long drive contests has been created with a shaft length up to 50 in (127.0 cm) in length.
The wooden face is slightly prominent to counteract the effects of the tooth when the ball touches the face from the center. The tooth effect causes the ball to spin from the hits away from the center of the face. Spin provides a tendency for the ball to have a curved flight path away from the target. The slight bulge of the wooden club face tends to negate the gear effect by slightly altering the ball's direction to make the flight path of the ball end closer to the target.
Construction
Shaft
The shaft is the actual machine of wood. Widely ignored, the right axis increases the distance and accuracy, while the bad shaft can cause inconsistent shots, slices, and reduced spacing.
The oldest shaft for all golf clubs is made of Hickory wood. The axle is slick and light, but inconsistent in bending from club to club and quite fragile. Beginning in the 1920s, steel shafts began to emerge, although USGA and R & amp; A did not allow its use in approved tournaments until 1929. The shaft traded lightweight and bending logs for ever-increasing durability and consistency, and the only type of shaft commonly used in any club until the early 1990s. Modern "graphite" shafts (technically a carbon fiber composite material) currently used today combine the advantages of two older shaft types; it's lighter and more versatile than steel or Hickory, while having the same durability as steel, with the cost of consistent shots slightly reduced due to increased torque (though this has greatly improved on the latest generation of shaft). The graphite shaft gained wide popularity in the mid-1990s; although composite carbon fiber technology has been available since the early 1970s, it is very expensive to produce and is virtually impossible to market massively. Progress in producing, shaping and healing composite materials has made carbon fiber much cheaper, and now almost all new wood, regardless of its price, has a graphite axle.
The flex shaft has a very clear effect on the strength and accuracy of the wood. Each wood is between two extremes of flex, from an extra whippy, to extra rigid. Whippy shafts are used by those with low and stiff swing speeds by those with faster swing speeds. Flexion of the shaft allows it to save energy from the downswing of players, and release it when the head makes contact to increase the speed of the club during impact. A rigid axis can not be bent by the golfer during their downswing, which reduces the speed of the club during a collision. A shaft that is too sweet will retain some of the flex that is stored on contact, wasting energy.
Torsion torque is also a concern. Flex and torque are generally related; The more clubs can flex, the more can rotate the axis (though this is not always the case). A shaft that can torsion easily is less forgiving than an off-center shot as it will allow the head to rotate, causing a tug and a boost. The low torque shaft holds the winding for more forgiving behavior, but tends to be more rigid and requires more power for the right distance. The latest generation of drive shafts incorporates flexible axles with rigid ends, giving flex golfers the need to "whip" into the ball while reducing clubhead braids.
Head
The wooden head dominated until the late 1980s. They have evolved to include the only metal and metal or plastic plates. These wood-headed clubs are solid and heavy, and are generally much smaller than the current clubheads. Their smaller surface area also makes consistent contact more difficult, since the sweet spots of these clubs are much smaller than today's models.
Gary Adams, founder of TaylorMade Golf, is considered the father of modern metal wood. Adams began marketing its clubs in the late 1970s, but it was almost a decade until the metal forests became more popular with most golfers. Callaway Golf is also largely responsible for the current design of metal wood; The original Big Bertha driver introduced the player to an oversized driver with a bigger and deeper head (at 190 cm volume in volume), giving the club face a maximum and a deeper center of gravity. Callaway Golf continues to expand the size of the club's head to improve this effect, which results in Bertha Besar, Big Bertha Great, and others on the line. The current incarnation of the Big Bertha driver is 460 cm 3 (28 cuÃ, in), which is the maximum clubhead volume permitted under USGA rules, even though larger clubheads exist for old contests and informal games.
Today, many metal wooden clubfaces (and most clubfaces drivers) are built from titanium. Titanium has a strength to weight ratio higher than steel and has better corrosion resistance, making it an ideal metal for golf club construction. Manufacturers can also make clubheads with larger volumes, which increase the hit area, and a thinner face, which reduces weight.
Hosel
Traditional wood has a very thick hosel, often wrapped in a thin strap, which provides a very secure connection between the shaft and head at the cost of a higher center of gravity. Modern metalwoods have largely removed the hosel, instead of tethering the rods inside the head. This allows as much as possible the mass contained in the clubhead, lowering the center of gravity.
References
- http://golfworldscottsdale.com/2016/08/10-best-golf-putters-2016/
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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