A survival kit is a pre-prepared package of basic tools and equipment for emergency relief assistance. Civilian and military aircraft, lifeboats and spacecraft equipped with survival devices.
Survival equipment, in various sizes, contains supplies and equipment to provide survivors with basic protection against the elements, helps him to stay warm, meet basic health and first aid needs, provide food and water, signal to the savior, and help find your way back to help. Supplies in survival kits usually contain knives (often Swiss army knives or multi-tools), matches, tinders, first aid boxes, bandanas, fish hooks, sewing kits, and flashlights.
Civilians such as forest workers, surveyors, or bush pilots, working in remote locations or in areas with extreme climatic conditions can also be equipped with survival tools. Disaster supplies are also guarded by those living in earthquake prone areas or other natural disasters. For the average citizen to practice disaster preparedness, some cities will have a survival store to keep inventory alive in inventory.
The American Red Cross recommends emergency preparedness kits that are easy to carry and used in emergencies or disasters.
Video Survival kit
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The general content of the emergency survival kit depends on the location. The basic components in survival kits address the needs of first aid, food, water, shelter, navigation, and signaling.
Protection and warmth
Materials are recommended for emergency shelters, and vary between geographic areas. Options that are often included in the survival kit may include:
- Reflective "aluminized" (Mylar coated) blanket space or blanket survival to maintain body heat (and signal)
- Ponco is light for protection against wind and rain (and to collect rain)
- "Tent Tube" or bivvy bag
- Tarpaulin with grommets or tie-tape (best if nylon or polyester)
- Large plastic garbage bag as poncho, decent roofing, or rain collector
- Ferrocerium Rod (AKA "Metal match", "Hot Spark", "Firesteel", "Magnesium fire starter") and fire striker for firefighter, Fire piston or Solar Spark Lighter
- Waterproof or lighter match
- Cotton balls or pads covered with petroleum jelly to start fire (can be carried in 35mm film containers, baggie zip locks or heat sealed in large diameter plastic straws)
- Catalytic heaters and bottled gas fuels
- Emergency sleeping bags are good for shelter and warmth
Health and first aid
The first aid kit will often include a combination of the following:
- Bandages such as bandages and sterile sterile gauze bandages
- Adhesive tape, and gauze band or disinfectant pads
- Private prescription for 30 days
- Antibiotic cream/Alcohol rub
- Burn burn
- Aspirin
- Sunscreen (if necessary, above 30 SPF )
- 100% UV protection glasses ("UV 400") (protects the eyes from harmful UV radiation Polarized glasses do not always protect UV, but only help with glare)
- Surgical stitches (for sewing large cuts)
Food and water
Most survival kits require food for a short time, to be used and recharged before the contents are damaged.
- Water in a sealed container for dry areas, or water purification tablets or household bleach in areas where water is available but may be contaminated. For emergency water purification see: water purification techniques
- The canteen is full of water, and filters if necessary
- Heavy duty aluminum foil for making distillation tubes to remove salt from brines during boiling/condensing. Must have another container to collect condensation.
- Canned Food, Ready-Mixed Meals (MRE), high-energy foods such as chocolate or emergency food stalls, or dried foods like dried fruits, cereals, roasted nuts or grams
- Fishing and teeth (fish hooks, lures, and fractional shots)
- Snare cable
- Gillnetting (for emergency fishing)
- Spear tips (for fishing and other small animals)
Since the ultimate goal of survival kit for a lost person or injury is salvage, part of this kit can be considered the most important. The key elements for rescue include:
- Distress radiobeacon
- Whistle
- Mirror signal
- High power LED light (can have battery replaced, and carry extra battery), white lens, with signal capability. The strobe version is available for some lights. Only use lithium cells, because the shelf life is superior.
- Flares: three hotspots in triangles are signals of international distress
- Laser pointer (or green laser) with lithium battery, for superior signal range. Laser pointers have produced at least one rescue: on a night in August 2010 two men and a boy were rescued from the swamp after their red laser pen was found by the rescue team.
- Surveyor Band - orange or chart to mark rescue location
- Pen/pencil and paper to leave notes to the rescue team about the direction of the trip
- Compass. Analog clock can also be used to determine orientation when the sun is visible - View directions using watches
- Map/track chart (if location was previously known)
- Guidance on survival for engineering reference
- Light sticks
Versatile tools or materials
The survival kit tool emphasizes portability and flexibility. The recommended tools for many types of survival tools include:
- A fixed blade knife, or a multitool like a Swiss Army knife.
- Can open like P-38 or P-51
- Heavy duty needles and threads to repair clothes and equipment
- A red or orange plastic bag or garbage bag
- Strong parachute cord or "550" cable for setting up tarpaulins and curling small animals
- Cover with a sarong for cold conditions, or machetes for tropical conditions (shelter and fire)
- Camp stoves or some kind of gas and fuel stove such as propane bottle or Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)
- Candles for light, signal, start fire
- Billycan metal or "water bottle" for water storage, boiling, purifying, cooking
- Compact saw like Japanese backstroke with rough teeth (folding models available). Bow saws can quickly cut larger-footed legs and small to medium trees, and circular saws can be small enough to fit into the kit, but large enough to cut small to medium branches, and possibly smaller trees.
- Solar charger
- Helm
- Bandana or scarf
- Bulletproof armor (like a soft body armor for a caliber of a gun). This can be used for protection in urban settings. Bulletproof armor can be placed in a sling and worn on the body, or it can be inserted into a bag or backpack.
Maps Survival kit
Lifeboat survival kits
Lifeboat survival kits are stored in lifeboats or rafts made of rubber or stiff; the contents of this kit are mandated by the coast guard or maritime regulations. This kit provides basic tools and supplies to enable passengers to survive until they are saved. In addition to relying on survival survival equipment, many sailors will collect "trench pouches" or "abandon ship bags" that contain additional supplies for survival. Lifeboat survival equipment items typically include:
- Security tools
- Life jacket
- First aid box
- Fire extinguisher
- Cart
- Communications and navigation
- Compass
- beacon Distress or (EPIRBs) to remind the consortium of rescue Cospas-Sarsat, an international satellite-based search and rescue agent and identify the registered beacon registered personal information from their registration file
- red beacon, rocket parachute flare, and/or flare smoke signal
- Laser pointer for signaling plane (red is the color of distress, but green is higher power and will look farther), with lithium cells, in a double waterproof plastic bag (high power pointers are theoretical danger for low eyes - using the pilot at night)
- Reflector radar (to help rescuers find rafts)
- More Light
- Lanterns and fuels, fuel doubles as firestarter
- Radio transceivers, standard VHF marine vessels currently operating near inland coast, 121.5 MHz VHF guard channel capable of aircraft band transceivers to contact rescuers and high overflying commercial and military aircraft seen with contrails, optional amateur radio if licensed amateur radio (see Ham Radio) or AM/FM/Weather/Shortwave radio receiver to receive the right time for celestial navigation and weather information
- GPS navigation device
- Food and water
- Knife, multi-tool, and/or Swiss army knife
- Fishing equipment
- Rainwater collection equipment
- Sea water desalination
- Water (usually 3 liters/person/day)
- High-calorie emergency food/feed (not as important as water). Chocolate has a superior calorie/weight ratio
- Ax
- Other tools and boating items
- Waterproof flashlight
- Heaving line
- Stairs
- Reporter
- The hull pump
- Boat hook
- Sea anchor (also called "sea drogue")
Military equipment
The survival packages for military aviators are often modified according to the operating environment:
- In desert areas, survival equipment may have more water and sunscreen, and have additional items such as leaf hats, compasses, whistles, medical equipment, tinders, matches and sun glasses.
- In the tropics, survivors may have mosquito net mosquito nets, additional insect repellents, anti-fungal creams, machetes, water purification tablets, foot powders, matches, firebreaks, compasses, wire saws, blankets, medical (gauze pads, elastic gauze bandages, antiseptic creams, anti-malarial tablets, anti-infective tablets, sanitary napkins, etc.), salt tablets, fishing gear, wire snare, extra socks, candles, signal mirrors, flares, sewing kits , safety pins, pliers, tape, whistles, and rations.
- In the arctic or mountain areas, survival equipment may have additional cold weather clothing (winter hats and gloves), sleeping bags, hands-on packets, sun glasses/snow goggles, snow boots, folded shovels, wire meshes for small animals, frying pans, stoves, fuel stoves, space blankets, matches, whistles, compasses, tinders, medical equipment, fire strikes, wire saws, extra socks and tents designed for Arctic use.
- For personnel flying over large bodies of water, in addition to wearing safety suits on cold water, survival equipment may have additional items such as floating vests, sea anchors, fishing nets, fishing gear, fluorescence dye markings marine, pyrotechnic signal, radio survival and/or radio beacon, previously the distress marker lamps were replaced by blinking strobe, formerly still seawater or chemical desalinator kits now replaced by hand-pumped reverse osmosis desalinator (MROD) for desalinating seawater, kits, oars, bellers and sponges, sunscreen, medical equipment, whistles, compasses and sun protection caps.
The US Army uses some basic survival equipment, especially for pilots, some of which are stored in carrier bags. Aircraft pilots with lontar seats have survival tools in vests and seats, the survival vests worn by US helicopter crews also contain some basic survival items.
Space Shuttle
Astronauts are equipped with survival devices because of the difficulty of predicting where the spacecraft will land upon returning to Earth, especially in case of equipment failure. At the start of the US space flight, the kit was optimized for survival at sea; provided for John Glenn on the first American space flight in Friendship 7 containing "life rafts, pocket knives, signal mirrors, shark repellents, desalting seawater tablets, sunscreens, soaps, first aid boxes, and other items". The survival package is provided for Apollo's "... designed to provide 48 hours (water or land) survival for three crewmen between 40 degrees North and South latitude." It contained "survival radio, survival lamp assembly, desalter kit, machetes, sunglasses, water cans, sun lotions, blankets, pocket knives, nets and foam pads".
The kit provided for Soviet and Russian Cosmonauts is optimized for survival in temperate and sub-arctic climates, forests and grasslands in the eastern part of the country. The Soyuz spaceship kit includes "food rations, water bottles, warm clothes, ropes to make shelter by using capsule parachutes, fish hooks and other survival equipment". A specially designed gun, the TP-82, is provided to defend itself from predators such as wolves or bears. It was capable of firing conventional bullets, rifle bullets and flares; folding stock can be used as a shovel and also has a folding cleaver.
Mini survival package
The "Survival kit" or "Altoids tin" survival kit is a small kit containing some basic survival tools. These kits often include small compasses, waterproof matches, minimum fishing, large plastic bags, small candles, jigsaw knives, craft knives or scalpels, and/or pins. Packaged survival packages may also include instructions in survival techniques, including fire initiation methods or first aid. In addition, the parachute cable may be wound on tin. Parachute cables can be used to prepare emergency shelters or to trap small animals. They are designed to fit in containers approximately a mint-sized cans.
Other small kits can be worn and built into a bracelet or seat belt everyday. Most often this is a paracord bracelet with a loom in it. Some tools such as firestarter, buckle, whistle and compass are on the outside of the gear and smaller tools are woven in jewelry or belts and can only be accessed by taking a separate bracelet.
A mild survival kit is commonly seen as a backup tool for survival; However, this kit can be very extensive, and it includes tools commonly found in larger kits as technological advances survive. Some examples of this tool are high power flashlights, fast-acting saws, signal devices such as miniature signal mirrors, and water purification methods.
Vehicle package
Another level in some readiness plans is Vehicle Kits. In some cases, supplies and equipment may be loaded into vehicles such as vans or trucks with an extra "spare" bike rack and gas tank. Some survivors also carry small off-road motorcycles (eg, 250 cc) in vans or trucks.
Food supplies in abandoned vehicles include hundreds of pounds of wheat, rice and beans, and enough honey, powdered milk, canned food, fruit in packs, vitamins, dried fruits and vegetables, salt, pepper, spices, and oil for several months. In addition, kits often contain high energy calorie bars, cooking utensils, utensils, liquid soaps, and towels. Water supplies may include bottled water, filtering equipment, bottles, folded water containers, and chlorine bleach for water purification. Food preparation and washing equipment may include items such as grain grinders, bread mixers, strainers, manual can opener, steamers with canning jars and O-rings, cutlery, knives, 12-volt cooling refrigerators, kerosene lamps and heating, kerosene or propane stoves, extra fuel, clothes presses, foot-operated pedals, and electric hot plate (which will require an inverter to operate the car battery).
Medical supplies may include blood pressure gauges, stethoscopes, scissors, tweezers, forceps, disposable scalpels, two thermometers (oral and rectal), inflatable splints, bandages, stitches, adhesive tapes, gauze, burnt ointments, antibiotic ointments, aspirin , rub alcohol, ipecac syrup, sterile water, cotton cloth, soap, and cotton.
Transportation goods may include bicycles with off-road tires and suspensions, emergency tools and spare car spare parts (eg, fuses, fan belts, light bulbs, head lights, tire pumps, etc.), and inflatable rafts with oars.
Additionally, the device may contain certain individual "survival kit" items, such as nylon tarps, additional clothes and coats, blankets, sleeping bags, matches or other fire-fighting equipment, compass and maps, flashlights, toilet paper, soap, pocket knives and bowie knives, fishing equipment, portable camping stoves, power inverters, backpacks, paper and pencils, mirror signs, whistles, cable saws, bleach, mosquito repellent, magnifying glass, nylon ropes and ropes, pulleys, and pistols and ammunition.
Communication equipment may include multi-band/scanner receivers, citizen band radio (CB), portable "walkie-talkie" with rechargeable batteries, and portable battery-powered television. Power supplies may include diesel or gasoline generators with a one-month supply of fuel, automatic batteries and chargers, extension cords, flashlights, rechargeable batteries (electric chargers), power meters and test lights. Defense objects include pistols, semi-automatic pistols, rifles, rifles, ammunition, mace sprays or pepper, and large knives such as KA-BAR or bowie knives.
Tools may include cutting tools such as saws, axes and axes; mechanical advantage gear such as splinting rod or destructive blades, ropes, pulleys or hand-held winches, construction tools such as pliers, chisels, hammers, screwdrivers, hand-operated hand-held drills, gripping pliers, glue, nails, nuts, bolts, and screws; mechanical repair tools such as arc welders, oxy-acetylene torches, propane torches with spark lighters, soldering iron and flux, wrenches, bean propulsive, taps and die sets, socket sets, and fire extinguishers. In addition, some survivalists carry goods barterables such as fishing rods, liquid soaps, mosquito repellent, light bulbs, can opener, extra fuel, motor oil, and ammunition.
Natural disaster
Homeland Security US Homepage provides a list of emergency equipment items at home. This list focuses on the basics of survival: fresh water, food, clean air, and materials to keep the body warm. These basic survival items consisting of a kit are known as Bug-out pouches. Recommended basic emergency kit items include:
- Water, at least one gallon of water per person daily to drink & amp; sanitation (must be rotated every 3 months)
- Food, non-perishable foods for at least three days that are not needed for cooking or cooling
- Emergency food bars, preferably products with 2,400 or 3,600 calories and contain no coconut or tropical oil that many people may have an allergic reaction, other than non-perishable foods that do not require cooking or cooling
- Battery-powered radio or radio with Weather wave
- LED type flashlight (battery or hand power)
- An extra battery for anything that needs it, lithium type is preferred for shelf life
- First aid box
- Copies of all medical prescriptions
- Whistle to signal
- Dust mask, plastic sheeting and masking tape for shelter in place
- Wet towels, garbage bags and plastic bonds for personal sanitation
- Lock or pliers to turn off the water valve
- Can open for canned food
- Local map
- Backup button for home & amp; motor vehicles
- Shoes that are strong, comfortable & amp; light rain gear
- Contacts & amp; meeting place information for household
Earthquake
Below is a list of items that are generally recommended for emergency earthquake devices:
- Food and water last for at least three to five days
- Water purification tablets/portable water filters
- Heavy duty gloves
- First aid kit
- At least $ 100 in cash, at least half must be in small denominations
- Family photos and descriptions (to help emergency personnel find missing people)
- Copy of personal identification and important papers such as insurance documents, driver's license, etc.
- Flashlight (type of LED for greatest efficiency) and radio
- Extra batteries (the type of lithium for the longest shelf life).
- Glasses and dust masks
- A private commode with a sanitary bag
- Water: one gallon per person, per day
Hurricane
For hurricanes, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) recommends that 'disaster bags' include:
- Flashlight with backup battery and
- Battery-operated portable radios (and backup batteries);
- NOAA operated weather radio battery (and backup battery);
- A "Self Powered Radio" and "Self Powered Flashlight". One, "Eton" model has a Weather Band and it is "self powered". Some of them will make your phone charged
- First aid kit and manual;
- Prescription drugs (make sure to recharge after they expire);
- Cash and credit cards;
- A phone with a fully-charged backup battery;
- Backup button;
- High energy non-epane food;
- One warm blanket or sleeping bag per person;
- Special items for infants, elderly or disabled family members;
- Change clothes.
Wired Bag
The term "survival kit" may also refer to a larger portable survival kit prepared by survivalists, called "bug-out bags" (BOBs), "Personal Emergency Relocation Kits" (PERKs) or "out of Dodge" kit, which is packed into a backpack, or even a backpack. These kits are specially designed to be more user-friendly if alternative forms of transportation are unavailable or unusable.
These bags contain supplies such as food, water purification equipment, clothing, medical equipment, communication equipment, and equipment.
See also
- Bag bothy
- Community Emergency Response Team
- Uruguay Air Force Flight 571
- Firearms (tools)
- Climbing equipment
- Mini survival kit
- survival skills
- Survival
- Ten important things
References
Further reading
- Mountaineering: The Freedom of the Hills ; Ed 8; Book Mountain Climber; 596 pages; 1960 to 2010; ISBN 978-1594851384.
External links
- Prepare for Disaster Before They Attack: Create Disaster Disaster Tool by the American Red Cross
- Create a Disaster Supplies Kit from the US Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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