A fixed-gear bicycle (or fixed wheel bike , commonly known in some places as fixie ) is a bike that has a drivetrain with no freewheel mechanism. Freewheel was developed early in the history of bicycle design but fixed-gear bikes remain the standard track racing design. The recent "fixie" has become a popular alternative among urban cyclists especially, offering the advantage of simplicity compared to standard multi-geared bikes.
Most bike hubs incorporate freewheel to allow the pedal to stay still while the bike is moving, so the rider can slide, that is, riding without pedaling using forward momentum. The fixed-gear drivetrain has a threaded sprocket (or gear) drive or bolted directly to the rear wheel hub, so the pedal is directly coupled to the wheels. During acceleration, the crank pedals move the wheel, but in other situations, the rear wheel can push the crank pedal. This direct clutch allows cyclists to apply braking force with their legs and weight, holding the crank rotation. It is also possible to spin backwards.
As a general rule, fixed-gear bikes have a single speed. Derailleur for dental selection will introduce a sagging chain, which will interfere with braking. Gear selection can, however, be achieved by employing a directed internal hub. For example, the Sturmey-Archer 3-speed fixed hub is a fixed-gear multi-speed setting. Most fixed-gear bikes only have front brakes, and some have no brakes at all.
Video Fixed-gear bicycle
Usage
Track bike or track bike is a form of fixed-gear bikes that are optimized for racing in velodrome or on the outside track. Some racing cyclists and clubs use fixed-gear bicycles for training during the winter months, generally using relatively low gear ratios, believed to help develop a good pedaling style. In the UK until the 1950s it was common for riders to use fixed gear for a time trial. The 1959 English 25-hour time trial championship was won by Alf Engers with a competition record of 55 minutes 11 seconds, riding a 84-inch fixed-gear bike. Fixed teeth are also commonly used, and continue to be used at the end of the hill season in the fall. Fixed male gear fixed-gear engines will be "roads" or "roads/tracks" cycles. In an era when most riders have only one cycle, the same bike when stripped and mounted with racing wheels is used for road trials and racetracks, and when mounted with fenders and bags, it is used for club runs, touring and training winter. In the 1960s, multi-gear derailleur has become the norm and riding fixed-gear bikes on declining roads over the next few decades. Recent years have seen renewed interest and the increasing popularity of fixed gear.
In urban areas of North America and similar areas in other Western cities, fixed-gear bikes have achieved significant popularity, with the advent of regional aesthetic preferences that can be understood for details and design details.
Bicycles with dedicated gears are produced in larger quantities by established bicycle manufacturers. They are generally low priced and characterized by a leisurely road geometry, compared to the steep geometry of the bike tracks.
Fixed-gear bikes are also used in cycle balls, polo bikes and artistic cycling.
The fixed-gear bike is perfect for standing on a track, a maneuver in which the bike can be held stationary, balanced upright with the rider's legs on the pedal.
Maps Fixed-gear bicycle
Advantages and disadvantages
One of the main attractions of a fixed gear bike is its low weight. Without the additional parts needed for the fully-directed train carrier - the derailleurs, the shifter, the cable, the cable carrier, the double chain ring, the freewheel hub, the brazing-on brazing lugs - a fixed gear less than the equivalent. The chain itself is subject to fewer side forces and will not wear out as quickly as in the derailleur system. Also, the gear drivetrain remains more mechanically efficient than any other bike's drivetrain, with the transfer of power directly from the rider to the wheel. Thus, the tooth still requires less energy in the given tooth to move than the bike that is moved in the same tooth.
In slippery conditions, some riders prefer to drive vehicles because they believe the transmission provides improved feedback on the rear tire grip. However, there is also an increased risk of loss of control under such conditions. This is especially true when taking into account the large number of motorists driving a brakeless vehicle. This rider must brake completely through the drivetrain. Ideally this is done by holding the pedal forward, releasing speed while the bike is still moving. Or, while much less efficient, one can brake by stopping the pedal movement in the middle round, causing the rear wheels to lock in place, allowing the bike to slide and slow kinetic friction (see below).
Going down any significant gradient is more difficult because the rider has to rotate the crank at high speed (sometimes at 170 rpm or more), or use the brakes to slow down. Some consider that forced fast spin when down decreases flexibility or flexibility, which is said to improve pedaling performance on all types of bikes; But performance improvements can be overlooked compared to the benefits of free wheel drive.
Driving is still considered by some to encourage a more effective pedaling style, which is claimed to translate into greater efficiency and power when used on freewheel-equipped bicycles. This allows the rider to engage and train the right rhythm, which is a rhythmic and balanced stream of paddlers, improving performance for cyclists and bicycles.
When first riding a fixed gear, a cyclist used for a freewheel can try a freewheel, or beach, especially when approaching a bend or an obstacle. Because sliding is not possible, this can lead to "kick" to the hind legs, and even lose control of the bike. Driving at high speeds around the bend can be difficult on a bike path converted into a fixed-gear bike, because the pedal can attack the road, thus losing control. True bike tracks have a higher lower bracket to keep up with the crank that rotates constantly and largely reduces this problem.
Perhaps the most obvious disadvantage is the lack of some teeth, and the flexibility in pedaling the rhythm and resilience available through shifting gears. Uneven slopes or mountain terrain with steep climbs can be very challenging, since motorists can not adjust gears to match the terrain.
Without Brakeless
Many urban fixed-gear riders think that the brakes are not really necessary, and the brakeless permanent riders have cult status in some areas. Their brakes and cables are said to add extra-large for the simple appearance of fixed gear bikes, and they prevent the trick maneuvers that involve rotating the front wheel in full circle, unless equipped with a 360 ° detangler system of special freedom known on a test bike or BMX.
Other riders refuse to ride on the road without brakes as a pretense, based on images rather than practicality. Brakeless driving can be dangerous, prohibited by law in many jurisdictions, and may jeopardize the chance of a claim in the event of an accident.
Technique
It is possible to slow or stop a fixed-gear bike in two ways. The first, most efficient, and least pressing rider's body is to hold the rotating crank as they ride and get around, spilling speed with every turn of the pedal. The second way, less efficient but more striking, is to crash or shift the rear wheels along the sidewalk. This kind of move begins by shifting the weight of the rider slightly forward and pulling the pedal using clipless pedals or tongs and ropes. The rider then stops turning the crank, thus stopping the drivetrain and rear wheels, while applying weight contrary to the crank rotation. This causes the rear wheel to slip, and slow the bike. Skid can be held until the bike stops or until the rider desires to continue pedaling again at a slower pace. This technique takes practice and is generally considered dangerous when used during cornering.
On each bike only with rear-wheel braking, maximum decelerations are significantly lower than on bikes equipped with front brakes. As a vehicle brake, weights can be transferred to the front wheels and away from the rear, reducing the amount of grip on the rear wheels. Moving the rider's weight again improves the efficiency of the rear wheel braking, but the front wheels with regular brakes may provide 70% or more braking power during hard braking.
Legality
Austria - Brakeless bikes are not legal to drive on public roads. Each bike must have two independent brakes, multiple reflectors and front and rear lighting when conditions need them.
Australia - Bicycles are considered vehicles under Road Rules in every state. Bicycles are required by law to have at least one functioning brake.
Belgium Ã, - All bikes should have easy-to-hear bells and brakes that work on both wheels. Lights and reflectors are not required on children's rides, mountains and bikes when not in use after dark. Other bikes (normal) need reflectors and lights. These lights may be attached to the body and can blink.
Brazil Ã, - Brazil's Traffic Act, section 105, subhead VI, says that, for bicycles, bells, rear, front, sides and signal pedals, and rear-view rear view left " is required. Although, nothing is explicitly said about bicycle brakes.
Canada - Laws vary by province, and are controlled by highways and traffic actions. In Ontario and at QuÃÆ'Â © bec, a back brake is required, and no one can subject the rider to a fine.
Denmark Ã, - All bikes must have brakes that work on both wheels, reflectors, and bells.
French Ã, - Bicycles must have 2 brakes, 2 lights, many reflectors, and ringing to be approved for road traffic. But laws are rarely enforced, and the sight of all types of bikes that are not officially approved is common.
Germany - All bikes are required to have brakes working on wheels, reflectors, and bells. A local court in Bonn accepts that the fixed-gear mechanism is a suitable rear brake, but high-profile cracking specifically targeted fixed-gear bikes in Berlin in an effort to control what the police described as a "dangerous trend"
Hungary Ã, - All bikes must be equipped with two independent brake sets. Front and rear lights, reflectors and bells are also required.
Italy Ã, - All bikes must have tires, two independent brake sets, bells, white headlights, red rear lights and reflectors, yellow reflectors on pedals and sides. But laws are rarely enforced.
Dutch Ã, - All bikes must have adequate brake system.
New Zealand - By law all bikes must have at least "... nice rear brakes..." -and made since January 1, 1988 must also have < i> "... a nice front brake..."
Polish Ã, - All bikes must have at least one functional brake.
Spanish Ã, - All bikes must have adequate brake system on the front and rear wheels, plus the bell.
Swedish - Bikes should have brakes and bells. In addition, when it is dark outside they should have front and rear facing lights as well as reflectors facing forward, back and sideways.
Great Britain Ã, - Pedal Cycle (Construction and Use) The 1983 regulations require a "pedal pedal" once constructed so that one or more wheels are unable to spin independently of the pedals, fitted with a braking system operating in front wheel "; riding a fixed-gear bike without a front brake on the road is illegal. Following the belief of British cyclist Charlie Alliston, who dropped and killed a woman on a fixed-gear bicycle without a front brake, the British Government announced a legal review that included "dangerous cycling" in September 2017. Brakes on the rear wheels are only required for wheelchairs free.
United States - The use of bicycles without brakes on public roads is illegal in many places, but the words are often similar to "... must be equipped with brakes that will allow people who operate the cycle to create braking wheels sliding on dry, flat and clean sidewalks... "which some say allows foot and gear. Retail sales of unbranded bicycles are prohibited by the US Consumer Product Safety Commission - but with the exception of "bicycle tracks" (... bikes designed and intended to be sold as competitive engines that have tubular tires, single-to-wheel-to-wheel ratios, and there is no free wheel feature between the rear wheel and the crank... ).
Conversions
Many companies sell bicycle frames designed specifically for use with fixed-gear hubs. Fixed-gear or track-bike hubs include special threads for locks that tighten in opposite directions (counter-clockwise) compared to sprocket. This ensures that the sprocket can not release when the rider "backpedals" during braking.
For various reasons, many cyclists choose to convert a freewheel bike to a fixed tooth. Frame with horizontal dropout is easy to convert, frame with vertical dropout less so. One way is to replace the rear wheels with wheels that have a fixed track/hub. Others are using hubs designed for use with multi-speed threaded freewheel. This kind of hub only has the normal right hand thread for the sprocket and not the back thread for the lock used on the fixed/path hub. Sprockets in a keyless hub can open while paddling. Even if the bottom bracket lock is connected to the hub, along with the track sprocket, since the bottom bracket locking is not reversed, it is still possible that both the sprocket and locknut can release it. Therefore, it is advisable to have front and rear brakes on fixed-gear bikes using freewheel hubs that are converted if the sprocket opens the lid in reverse. It is also advisable to use thread sealer for sprocket locking and bottom bracket locking. The rotafix method (or "whipping frame") may be useful for installing the sprockets safely.
Chain tension
Bicycles with vertical dropouts and no derailleur require several ways to adjust chain tension. Most bicycles with horizontal dropouts can be tightened by moving the wheels forward or backward on the dropout. Bicycles with vertical dropouts can also be converted with some additional hardware. Chances include:
- An eccentric hub or lower bracket allows the central axis or lower spindle to spin and alter the tension of the chain.
- The floating ghost or float is an additional chain in the drive cart between the driving chainring and the sprocket. The top of the chain moves forward at the same speed as the bottom of the chain moves backwards, giving it a floating appearance in the chain.
- A magical equipment - exact math can calculate the gear ratio to adjust the tight chain between the back and bottom lags. Also, using a half link chain and a bit of drop out archiving to increase the width of the slot increases the likelihood of finding a magical tool. It should be noted that the arrangement of controversial magic equipment, due to the inevitable chain stretch and the next slippage that can cause serious injury.
Separate chain tensioning devices, such as the type attached to dropouts (commonly used on single speed mountain bikes) can not be used because they are damaged as soon as the bottom of the chain becomes tight.
Chainline
Additional adjustments or modifications may be necessary to ensure a good chain. The chain should run straight from the chain to the sprocket, therefore both should be the same distance from the center of the bike. A suitable grouping for the track component is usually designed to provide a chain chain of 42 mm, but the conversion using bike or mountain bike crankshets often uses more chainlines. Some hubs, such as ENO White Industry, or the British Goldtec hub track, are better suited for this task because they have a chain larger than the standard. Failure to achieve a good chain chain, at best, leads to a noisy chain and increases wear and tear, and at worst can discard the chain from sprocket. This may cause rear wheel locking and a broken frame if the chain falls between the rear sprocket and the radius. Chainline can be customized in several ways, which can be used in combination with each other:
- Gain bottom bracket with different spindle lengths, to move chains in or paste
- Selects a lower bracket with two locks, which provides fine chain position adjustment
- Respond and restore the rear wheel, if allowed by hub design
- Place a thin spacer under the bottom right hand cup (Sturmey-Archer makes the appropriate 1/16 "spacer" to move the outboard chain
- Place a thin spacer between the chainring and the stack bolts to move it inside (if the chain is inside the crank spider) or paste (if the ring is outside the spider)
- Puts a thin spacer between the shoulders of the hub and sprocket. It's recommended for freewheel-threaded hubs, which have enough threads for this operation.
Typically, the rear hub is the best component for setting chainlines, especially on threaded hubs. If a track hub is used, it is better to operate on the bottom bracket or - for small shifts - in the crankset. The same thing happens if a flip-flop hub is used, because the chainline must be the same on both sides (freewheel and fixed gear).
Gear rate
The commonly used gear ratios that work well in most situations are 2.75: 1, which can be implemented with 44 tooth chains and 16 teeth back sprockets.
Competition
There are many forms of competition using fixed gear bikes, most of the race is a race track. Formal track racing is most common in velodrome, circular tracks made of concrete or wood and can be indoor or outdoor. Race types such as common scratch races or more complex omnium races occur in this arena.
In addition, cyclists and other urban riders can ride a fixed gear bike in the alleycat race, which is usually held on city streets, including New York City's best-known permanent single-stroke racing, Monstertrack alleycat. Similarly, Wolfpack Hustle started in 2005 just as a ride brings together fast-paced bikers with common love to ride and has evolved into a well-known international racing series that takes place in Los Angeles, California. The group has successfully received sponsorship from several well-known companies including Castelli, a 130-year-old Italian cycling clothing brand, helping to spread interest and knowledge about the groups and races they hold. In San Francisco, California, Red Bull held a Red Bull Ride Style event, bringing together regular and freestyle riders from around the world for the competition.
There are also events based on messenger races, such as Mixpression, which have been held nine times in Tokyo. Demonstration tricks have been held since the late 1800s in the US and Europe; while they continue to be a competitive form in Europe (artistic cycling), after the popularity and development of widespread fixed-duty bicycles, the magic competition has now also established itself in places in the US and Asia. European competition includes solo balloons and team movements on a controlled flat surface; The US and Asian competitions often include "parks" and "flat" styles and places, a la BMX. Other competitions include "foot down" games and polo bikes.
In 2006, Adventures for the Cure made a documentary about driving across the United States with a fixed tool; they repeated this achievement as a 4-person team at Race Across America 2008.
Fixed equipment riders who share specific philosophies are also seen in the Single Speed ​​World Championship.
Care and maintenance
Maintaining your teeth remains relatively easy because it has fewer parts than a driven bicycle. Sprockets should be checked regularly to make sure there is no damage to any teeth and no objects are grinding them while spinning with the rear wheels. Chainring should be checked the same for any damage. There are advantages to choosing a number of chain gears that are not a multiple of the number of sprocket teeth (eg 3) because this avoids the coincidence of the same chain and sprocket teeth, and the tire contact patch, on each stroke rider's power. For motorists who perform brakeless skid-stops, it's best to choose the main-number chainrings (eg 41, 43 or 47 gears) to ensure that the rear tire wear is spread evenly.
Very important (to ride on the road, at least) that the chains are tight enough so that it is not possible to thwart either from a chain or sprocket. This is generally the same as "not visible slack". The slip chains can cause unwanted consequences, such as the rear wheel being locked or, worst of all, the destruction of the skeleton if the chain is caught around the crank arm and pulling the back triangle forward. On fixed-gear bicycles without hand brakes, even benign is relatively benign means loss of total braking ability. Side tension, chains are significantly more likely to thwart if chainlines are accurate and chains are a traditional "full bushings" type with limited lateral flexibility. Because the differences between narrow and loose chains are related only to very small extension links, the tension of the chain should be checked visually at least weekly, especially if the bike is ridden in wet or dirty conditions.
Just like any other bike, the chain should be checked to make sure the parent link is locked securely. Chains can be lubricated every month for smooth ride. Also, if necessary, the brakes should be tightened as they wear and the condition of the tire is observed for possible puncture location. Air pressure in tires, tire alignment, brake handles, and rust placement should be monitored daily because they can change very easily during journey rumblings.
Subculture
Australia
To date, the Australian fixie culture has been small. However, with the strong Australian dollar and cost effective manufacturing and importing from China, Australia has seen many new online stores utilizing cheap steel frames that are generally imported into the UK and US. Online stores in Australia send bicycles partially strung together to consumers, greatly reducing prices at regular brick and mortar stores.
Canada
Fixed gear bikes have become more popular in Canada in recent years. Cities like Toronto, Ottawa, Vancouver and Montreal have many fixed gear riders, mostly in downtown areas.
China
Around 2012, throughout China, fixed gear bikes are becoming a popular trend among teenagers. Bicycles are usually painted with fluorescent colors.
Russian
Fixed Gear Moscow
In 2007, several activists began assembling and riding fixed gear bicycles in Moscow. There were people who rode a fixed gear bike on the road in Moscow before, but it never developed into a viable subculture. Appearance of design in foreign media began to increase around that time, attracting more people to the concept.
A Fixed Gear Moscow LiveJournal blog community was formed, allowing motorists to communicate with each other and share ideas for the rides. As interest increases, separate websites are created to host blogs and forums.
Fixed Gear Moscow has hosted many alleycat competitions, tournaments and other events to keep the community growing. Several side projects have been initiated by members of Fixed Gear Moscow and are still under development.
Red Bull Fix Boulevard
In September 2013 Red Bull and the Moscow government hosted the first race for fixed gear bicycles in downtown Moscow on the Boulevard ring. Distance to be filled by participants is about 50 kilometers. The race is repeated in 2014 and is planned for 2015.
Swedish
Community
Tooth movement continues to flourish in Sweden. The Swedish fixed-gear community platform is the Internet-based forum, Fixedgear.se, with over 2300 registered members. This established the main meeting and discussion forum for Swedish fixed-gear drivers and fans.
There are also several bike clubs throughout Sweden with fixed-gear niches. Komet Club Rouler is a club based in Gothenburg, annually regulating Svart Katt and other dental-oriented activities. Svart Katt has been internationally recognized and is considered the biggest gang cat in Sweden with the number of participants, according to Cog Magazine. The equivalent KCR in MalmÃÆ'¶ called Pista MalmÃÆ'¸, organizes "Thursday rides" every Thursday, for all bikes and riders. Stockholm also has an informal fixed-bike club, called Fista Sthlm.
Popularity factor
Several factors contribute to the recent increase in popularity of fixed-gear bikes. A rider from Stockholm who was interviewed for an article on the phenomenon noted that riding a bicycle instilled a feeling of freedom to the rider. One is free to go wherever you want, whenever someone wants it. The sense of belonging is also important; as the rider said, "all that cycling is my friend". Unidentified riders usually greet each other while cycling. As in many subcultures, the feeling of belonging is a key factor in recruiting and retaining participants.
The fact that many fixedie drivers who ride horses deviate from local law can also be seen as a factor contributing to its popularity; this provides a way out for a small uprising.
English
A relatively new movement in the UK, fixie bikes are on the rise.
United States
California
California's fixed equipment community stretches across the state with groups in all the major urban areas that come together for riding and racing. Beginning in the north, Sacramento has an increasing fixed-gear community as a popular bike shop like The Bicycle Business that started carrying fixed gear bikes and a group of riders being formed.
Moving to the Bay Area, San Francisco, and San Jose have a well-established fixed-equipment community that hosts several race and community rides. For example, the San Jose Bike Party, held on the third Friday of every month, is dedicated to "building community through cycling" and contains the majority of fixed gear riders, although all bikes are welcome. In addition, companies like Chrome Industries, which makes bags and apparel destined for bike carriers and urban cyclists, have been able to rise to prominence worldwide thanks to the cycling community of San Francisco and California. Also, stores like San Francisco-based MASH SF, and San Jose-based IMINUSD accommodate fixed-gear cyclists especially with ride equipment, parts, and centers for fixed-gear driving communities in their respective cities. MASH SF teamed up with Italian bicycle manufacturing company, Cinelli, to create some fixed gear bike frames, including what is known as the MASH Sinelli Histogram. Furthermore, Macaframa is a group of riders from San Francisco who released a movie dedicated to fixed-gear riders that includes a fast-paced lifestyle that comes with a steady drive.
Finally, Southern California is home to an enormous permanent community, especially in the greater Los Angeles area. Los Angeles-based TRAVEL is a group dedicated to global fixed gear culture, as they boast of the motto "TRAFIK is the Global Fixed Gear Culture" and work to bring the gear movement fixed to audiences around the world.
Circus bicycle
Fixed tooth bikes are also used in circus arts. When the saddle and handlebar are at the same height, the acrobat can stand on the handlebars and saddles and perform acrobatic exercises, sometimes involving many people, while circling the circus ring.
In popular culture
The 2012 movie Premium Rush uses "fixie" as a running running device. Wilee, the lead actor played by Joseph Gordon-Levitt, works as a bike messenger in Manhattan, and his guard friends are noisy about his enthusiasm for his regular-order bicycle-bike without brakes. He avoided a confrontation by riding his bicycle back, and he managed to weave through dangerous traffic, but he also got into an accident because the fixed-gear style supported his avidity for speed. Wilee said, "I like to ride, equipment is fixed, no brakes can not stop.
See also
Media related to Fixed-gear bikes on Wikimedia Commons
- Artistic cycling
- Flip-flop Hub
- List of bicycle components
- Outline biking
- Track bikes
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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