Uber Technologies Inc. is a peer-to-peer ride, taxi, food delivery, and transport network company headquartered in San Francisco, California, with operations in 633 cities around the world. The platform can be accessed through its website and mobile app. Uber has been prominent in economic sharing, so much so that changes in the industry as a result of it have been referred to as Uberisation. Uber has also been the subject of protests and legal actions and the subject of criminal investigations for his use of Greyball. The name "Uber" is a reference to the common (and rather colloquially) common word "uber", which means "topmost" or "super", and has its origins in the German word ÃÆ'¼ber , which means "above".
Video Uber
Operation
Service level
Uber offers different levels and types of services. Not all levels or service types are available in every region.
The level of travel service includes:
- UberBLACK offers luxury luxury vehicles
- UberKIDS provides a car with child safety seat
- UberPETS includes pet transportation
- UberPOOL, available for up to 2 persons per party, is the lowest cost-level service, where customers can share a ride with other passengers going in the same general direction
- UberPOP offers compact cars or subcompacts
- UberSELECT provides cars with leather interiors
- UberSUV offers SUV
- UberX provides a private ride in a standard car for up to 4 passengers
- UberXL provides a larger car that can hold up to 6 passengers
- UberWAV offers wheelchair accessible vehicles
Other than that:
- UberAUTO, available in Pakistan, provides transportation by becak automatically.
- UberBOAT, water taxi service. In Istanbul, it offers transportation by boat Beneteau across the Bosporus. It also offers a summer speedboat along the Croatian coast. UberBOAT also runs in other cities during a special occasion such as opposite Biscayne Bay during Miami Art Week.
- UberGO, available in India, provides a ride in the hatchback.
- UberMOTO, available in Pakistan and Indonesia, provides transportation by motorcycle.
- UberTAXI, available in multiple markets, allows users to call cabs using Uber software applications. Users pay additional booking fees and may leave gratuities through the app. This service is designed to appease taxi drivers protesting against competition from Uber.
- UberFLASH, only available in Singapore, is a service that combines private cars and ComfortDelGro cabs.
- Uber Bike, a dockless electric bike sharing system is available for some users in San Francisco and Washington, D.C.
- Uber Rent, a peer-to-peer car sharing service available in San Francisco and empowered by Getaround.
Among other types of services are: UberAIR (Uber Elevate), a program expected to debut in 2020 in Dallas-Fort Worth, Dubai and Los Angeles, consisting of vertical take-off and landing aircraft (VTOL), commonly known as " flying car".
Restricted services
- UberCHOPPER: in July 2014, Uber partnered with Blade to offer the helicopter rides from New York City to The Hamptons for $ 3,000 each, including during Independence Day.
- UberCOPTER: in 2016, the company partnered with Airbus for a one-month trial of Uber's $ 63 helicopter service, in SÃÆ' Â £ o Paulo, a city famous for its extreme traffic congestion. Uber, in partnership with Blade, also provides helicopter services for specific events, including the Cannes Film Festival and the Sundance Film Festival with flights from Salt Lake City International Airport to Park City, Utah.
- In September 2013, Uber offers a vehicle in the DeLorean DMC-12 car featured in the movie franchise Back to the Future .
- On September 4, 2013, Uber announced a promotion with the NFL Players Association to promote safe rides for NFL players.
- In March 2015, in collaboration with Dream Drive, Uber offers luxury car rental services in Singapore including Lamborghini and Maseratis.
Uber offers additional services in selected cities during special events. As an example:
- During the National Ice Cream Month, Uber users in certain cities can call an ice cream van for on-demand delivery, with ice cream purchases billed to the user's account.
- On National Cat Day, certain Uber drivers deliver kittens for 15 minutes of hugs instead of donations to animal shelters.
- In some cities, during December, Uber offers Christmas tree delivery.
Maps Uber
How it works
Drive with Uber
Riders quoted rates that they would pay before requesting a lift. Uber uses dynamic pricing model; the price varies based on the time and projected distance as well as the time of day and the supply and demand for the ride when the trip is requested. At the end of the trip, payments are made based on preferences chosen by the previous user, which can be a registered credit card, Google Pay, Apple Pay, cash, or, in India, the Airtel mobile wallet or the Integrated Payment Interface. After the trip ends, in the United States, motorists are given the option to grant gratification to the driver, who is also billed to the payment method of the rider.
Drive with Uber
In some markets where vehicle rental arrangements are available, the only requirement for driving to Uber, other than the right age, health, age and type of car, and driving ability, passes through background checks. Either smartphone or tablet, and vehicle can be rented. In many cities, vehicles used by Uber drivers must pass through annual safety inspections and must have a Uber emblem installed in the passenger window.
The driver must have a smartphone. Uber drivers use their own cars even though drivers can rent a car for driving with Uber.
Legislation in some cities, such as San Francisco, requires individuals who drive Uber to also have business licenses in the city where they drive.
The Uber driver is considered an independent contractor and not an employee, although this has been debated in some legal jurisdictions.
A mechanism called "Real-Time ID Checking" requires multiple drivers to occasionally self-perform before accepting up requests, to verify identity and prevent driver accounts from being compromised.
Rate score
After each trip, users and drivers can rate each other on a scale of 1 to 5 stars. Uber can disable or punish drivers who do not receive high average ratings from motorists; in turn, users with low scores may find that they have lower levels of availability of services. If the driver rated the rider on three stars or below, the rider will never be paired with the driver again. Passengers can see their ratings on their profile. The driver can see the rank of the passenger after the trip is requested; after the driver receives, the passenger will see the driver's rating.
History
Uber was founded in 2009 as UberCab by Garrett Camp, StumbleUpon's co-founder, and Travis Kalanick, who sold his Red Swoosh startup for $ 19 million in 2007.
On New Year's Eve, Camp spent $ 800 to hire a private driver with friends and have considered ways to reduce the cost of black car service ever since. He realizes that sharing costs with people can make him affordable, and his idea turns into Uber. Kalanick joins the Camp and gives him "full credit for ideas" from Uber. "Garrett was the one who found that shit," Kalanick said at Uber's first event in San Francisco. The first prototype was built by Camp and his friends, Oscar Salazar and Conrad Whelan, with Kalanick being brought in as a "mega adviser" for the company.
After the beta launch in May 2010, the official Uber and mobile app services were launched in San Francisco in 2011. Initially, the app only allowed users to purchase black luxury cars and cost them 1.5 times from taxis.
In February 2010, Ryan Graves became the first Uber employee, getting a job by responding to tweets from Kalanick announcing job vacancy, and receiving 5-10% of the company. The cemetery began as a general manager and shortly after the launch was named CEO. After ten months, Kalanick replaced Graves as CEO in December 2010. Graves resigned to become COO of the company.
In 2011, the company changed its name from UberCab to Uber after complaints from San Francisco taxi operators.
During the initial development of Uber applications, the company created a think tank consisting of nuclear physicists, computational neuroscientists, and machine experts who work in predicting demand for private car drivers and where demand is highest.
On March 26, 2018, Uber declared to resign from Southeast Asia to end the war of attrition with fierce local rivals and has agreed to sell its Asian Tenggaranya operations to Grab. Under the agreement, Grab will acquire all Uber operations in the region of 620 million people, including UberEats food delivery service.
UberX
In July 2012, the company introduced UberX, a service option that allows people to drive to Uber using non-luxury vehicles, subject to background checks, registration requirements, and car standards. At first, the rates are similar to taxis and 35% cheaper than UberBLACK. In early 2013, the service operates in 35 cities. To compete with companies like Wingz and Lyft, Uber adds a ridesharing, where regular drivers use their private vehicles as part of UberX, starting in April 2013. Prices are quickly lowered, causing discontent among UberBLACK and taxi drivers, whose earnings decrease as resulting from increased competition at lower levels.
UberPOOL
In August 2014, after a beta testing phase in the San Francisco Bay Area, Uber launched UberPOOL, a carpooling service. In November 2014, the service was launched in Paris. In December 2014, UberPOOL was launched in New York City. In October 2015, launched in Washington, D.C. In June 2016, launched in Singapore. In December 2015, launched in London.
Car research self-driving
In early 2015, the company hired many researchers from Carnegie Mellon University's robotics department and established the Advanced Uber Technology Center in the Strip District, Pittsburgh to develop self-driving cars.
On September 14, 2016, Uber launched its first self-driving car service to select customers in Pittsburgh, including Pittsburgh Mayor Bill Peduto, using a Ford Fusion fleet of cars each equipped with 20 cameras, seven lasers, GPS, lidar and radar equipment which allows the car to create three-dimensional maps utilizing landmarks and other contextual information to track its position.
On December 14, 2016, Uber started using a self-driving Volvo XC90 SUV in his hometown of San Francisco. On December 21, 2016, the California Motor Vehicle Department revoked the enrollment of 16 vehicles Uber used for tests and forced the program to cease operations in California. Uber then moved the program to Arizona, where the cars took passengers, albeit with two Uber engineers in the front seats as a security precaution. In March 2017, a Uber self-driving car overturned on its side by a failed-to-produce vehicle. Around October, Uber moved from two test drivers to one despite an employee safety issue.
Nevertheless, the company announced in November 2017 that it plans to purchase up to 24,000 Volvo cars designed to receive autonomous technology between 2019 and 2021. This non-binding intent includes plans for the Uber Advanced Technology Group to design and build self-driving systems in vehicles SUV XC90. By 2016, the two companies have announced that they plan to collaborate on the design and financing of cars with self-driving systems. Such vehicles require different types of steering and braking mechanisms, as well as sensors. CEO of Volvo Cars, HÃÆ'  ¥ Samuelsson, made this comment in an interview: "We have the support of developing this car... This is also a big commercial deal." At the time of the 2017 announcement, Uber defended the lawsuit by Waymo claiming that the former employee, who later worked for Uber's subsidiary, had stolen trade secrets.
In March 2018 Elaine Herzberg was killed by a Uber self-driving vehicle in Tempe, Arizona. According to police, the woman was hit by a Uber vehicle while trying to cross the street. In response, Uber pulled his self-driving car off all public roads in Arizona, San Francisco, Toronto, and Pittsburgh and quickly reached an agreement with the victim's family. The local police did not expect the vehicle to be guilty. Tempe Police Commander Jeffrey Glover later stated that the police chief disagreed with the Arizona Arizona Republic and San Francisco Chronicle headlines that did not blame Uber, saying his remarks were taken out of context, and that it was too soon to tell which side was more responsible. Two experts reviewing the recording of an accident dashboard camera told The Associated Press that the system should see Herzberg and his bike on time to brake. Arizona Governor Douglas Ducey subsequently suspended the company's ability to test and operate its autonomous automobile on a public highway by calling "an unquestionable failure" of the hope that Uber made public safety a top priority. It was later revealed through hundreds of emails obtained by The Guardian that Ducey had encouraged Uber to start their self-driving test car in Phoenix in August 2016 without public knowledge.
Packages for VTOL planes
Uber announced on September 25, 2016, that they were looking for urban transport with a flying vehicle. At Nantucket Conference Re/code, Uber's product chief Jeff Holden stated that the company wants "one day to offer our customers as many options as possible to move... doing it in a three-dimensional way is a clear thing to see." A statement at a workshop with the American Helicopter Society International led on Transformative Vertical Flight on September 29, Uber product manager Nikhil Goel stated that "For us, urban air transport is just a key initiative or our mission, is not it? cutting the bottleneck - it's got great potential to do that - but it allows us to move people from Point A to B much, much faster than you do.If you do it with an all-electric vehicle, you can do it with zero emissions. " published a 99-page "white paper" that explored the possibility of developing a full, vertical-take-off and landed "full power" network within ten years, for use on short trips. Although technically feasible, the development of such a program is expected to face security and regulatory constraints.
Mapping technology
In November 2015, Uber signed a global partnership agreement with Dutch satellite navigation company TomTom to provide maps and traffic data for Uber driver applications in 300 cities. In September 2016, Uber began mapping the city's streets in England to identify the best pick-up point and drop-off.
Uber Eats
In August 2014, Uber launched UberEATS, a food delivery service. Uber_Health Uber Health
Uber Health was announced in March 2018, but has started beta testing in July 2017. Healthcare providers who are part of the system can arrange trips for patients to and from their appointments. Patients without a smart phone can receive pick-up information via SMS or by paper print from the provider's office. To comply with US health privacy laws (HIPAA), Uber drivers do not know which passengers are using Uber Health; they look like other passengers in the Uber driver's app.
More projects
In April 2012, Uber launched the Uber Garage initiative in Chicago, a project to experiment with other ideas for urban transport services. The first project of Uber Garage is giving Uber users the option to hire a regular taxi driver, or a Uber driver sourced from the crowd.
In March 2015, Uber and BYD Auto expanded their cooperation to provide electric car rentals in Chicago.
In August 2014, Uber launched the Uber Essentials or Corner Store service, in Washington, D.C., which allows online ordering of a list of about 100 items. Service was canceled in January 2015.
In May 2015, Uber launched the UberMilitary Family Coalition, which partnered with existing military family organizations to recruit more military dependents, in addition to veterans, as drivers. In the same month, Uber updated its application to include accommodation for hearing-impaired drivers. On March 10, 2015, Kalanick announced a partnership between Uber and UN Women, hoping to create 1,000,000 jobs for women globally by 2020. However, following pressure from unions and women's rights organizations, UN Women refused to participate, with security reasons.
In November 2015, in collaboration with GrabOn, Uber offers hot air balloon rides to customers in Hyderabad, India for INR 1,000. In September 2016, Uber and Bobbi Brown Cosmetics created a partnership for Bobbi Brown x Uber Retouch campaign, to celebrate the launch of Retouching Wands and Pencil Retouching. Customers have the opportunity to travel with Artist Makeup Bobbi Brown and a quick makeup course to make up makeup on the go.
On April 11, 2017, Uber announced to launch a new patent purchase program, called UP3, which will seek to accelerate the process of purchasing a patent with an open application window.
In October 2017, along with Barclays publisher bank, and Visa Inc. payment network, Uber launched a credit card offering rewards money back program to customers and other incentives.
Financing
The founders invested $ 200,000 in seed money at conception in 2009. In 2010, Uber raised $ 1.25 million in additional funding. By the end of 2011, Uber has raised $ 44.5 million. In 2013, Google Ventures invested $ 258 million in the company based on a $ 3.4 billion pre-money valuation. In December 2014, Chinese search engine Baidu invested in Uber with an undisclosed amount. The deal also involves linking Uber with Baidu's mapping application. In January 2015, Uber raised a $ 1.6 billion debt convertible. In May 2015, Uber revealed plans to raise between $ 1.5 billion and $ 2 billion in new funding, raising the company's value to $ 50 billion or higher. In September 2015, Uber raised another $ 1.2 billion, led by another investment by Baidu.
In 2016, Toyota made an undisclosed investment in Uber and looked at leasing options, which could potentially help the Uber driver financially, a step in response to another partnership between Toyota and Uber partners. In June 2016, with expansion plans in the Middle East, Uber received $ 3.5 billion from Saudi Arabia's Public Investment Fund. In July of the same year, Uber raised $ 1.15 billion in debt financing. In August, Uber agreed to sell its Uber China subsidiary to China's premier taxi drivers app, Didi Chuxing. Didi also agreed to invest $ 1 billion into Uber Global.
In January 2018, the company raised $ 1.25 billion in cash from an investor group including SoftBank, Dragoneer Investment Group, Sequoia Capital. The company's financing is worth $ 68 billion.
In February 2018, Uber merged its operations in Russia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia and Kazakhstan with them from Yandex.Taxi and invested $ 225 million in the venture.
In total, Uber has raised $ 22 billion from 18 rounds of venture capital and private equity investors.
Possible initial public offer
On May 30, 2018, CEO Dara Khosrowshahi said that Uber "on track" had an initial public offering in 2019, but he also said, "A lot of things can happen in the world but we also have a reasonable buffer, so I think we're in place the good one ".
Number of users
In 2015, Uber completed a 1 billion trip, which is still below the 1.4 billion rides completed by Didi Chuxing at the time. In October 2016, 40 million riders used this service in one month and motorists spent on average around $ 50 per month for the service.
In early 2017, Uber's share of the United States market rose by 84%. That figure fell to 77% in May, according to Second Measure, probably because of the challenges and controversy faced by the company.
Profitability
In 2016, Uber made no profit, after reporting a net loss of $ 2.8 billion.
Company characteristics and impact
Effect on New York City taxi medal values ​​
In New York City, increased use of Uber and other transport network companies has negatively impacted taxi medal values, transferable licenses or licenses authorizing holder to take passengers to be hired. In January 2018, New York City taxi medals sold for under $ 200,000, a fifth of what they sold for 2013. The annual rental rate is $ 30,000. Many banks lend money on medals as collateral facing an increased risk of default.
Get local support in dealing with regulators
Uber generally started operations in a city, then, if his operation was not allowed, Uber mobilized public support for his services, and, supported by small lobbyist troops, conducted a political campaign to change the rules. In January 2015, Uber announced the Kalanick program called "principled confrontation" that included reaching a compromise with the local municipality on the new rules. Since implementing the program, Uber has seen 17 cities through a favorable new regulation. Uber has drawn up an agreement with the city of Boston to share quarterly data about the duration, location, and time in which motorists use applications to travel within or out of the city. This information was first sent to the city in February 2015, and its reports store all personal data of private users. Bradley Tusk, former campaign manager for Michael Bloomberg, has played an important role in advising Uber on the cities. In 2014-2015, Uber uses David Plouffe's services, in 2016-2017, communications led by Rachel Whetstone, and Jill Hazelbaker is now senior vice president of policy and communications.
Driver classification as a contractor or employee
Uber contracts with their driver partners under legal arrangements as contractors, and not employees. Because taxation, working hours, overtime, etc. can be treated differently by different political jurisdictions globally, this appointment becomes controversial. The US Department of Labor issued a guidance in July 2015 to address, what it considers, the "misclassification" of workers. It argues that every "worker who is 'economically dependent' on an employer should be treated as an employee.Instead, a worker must be in business for himself to become an independent contractor." These guidelines are not binding, but are expected to have influence in various court cases that may establish new general laws on this matter.
The lawsuits have been filed by Uber drivers who complain that they are not enjoying the rights and efforts to be considered "employees" under the law of employment.
In a class action suit filed in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California on August 16, 2013, Uber's driver stated that they were employees who had misclassified as independent contractors who violated the California Labor Code and demanded that they be given any tips that collected Uber on their behalf and payment of business expenses such as gas and maintenance of their vehicles. The District Judge, Edward M. Chen, decided to support the plaintiff in regard to the motion for the decision of the conclusion by the defendant on March 11, 2015, stating that whether the Uber driver is an employee is a moot fact to be settled by the jury. On September 1, 2015, Chen certifies a class but is generally limited to drivers in California hired before June 2014 (when an opt-out arbitration clause is included in the contract) that has been directly contracted with Uber.
In Britain on October 28, 2016, the Central London Employment Tribunal ruled that Uber drivers were "workers" entitled to minimum wages, paid holidays, and other normal employment rights, rather than entrepreneurs. Two Uber drivers carry a trial case to a workers court with help from GMB Union, on behalf of a group of drivers in London. Uber will appeal the decision. On Nov. 10, the court upheld the verdict against Uber's appeal, though the company announced it would launch a new appeal.
In March 2018, the Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs, in an internal statement, gave a legal opinion that under conditions binding the driver to Uber that they should be classified as employees.
Employee diversity
According to statistics published by the company, men accounted for 63.9% of the company's overall work and 84.6% of tech-related work. Customer support staff are evenly split between men and women. In the United States, whites account for 50% of the overall employment base. However, for tech-related jobs, whites are 46% of employees, while Asians reach 47% of jobs.
Competitive advantage due to less regulation of taxi companies
Marxian economist Richard D. Wolff states that Uber and similar services "nothing new," compares it with other capitalist industries such as taxi services, originally derived as a way to competitively weaken the prevailing system by offering cheaper services manufactured to standards which is inferior, only to ultimately be under regulation due to public concerns over safety. Wolff predicts that ridesharing services such as Uber and Lyft will eventually fall under the same type of regulation, and the terms used to characterize innovations such as "new technology" or "shared value" or "ridesharing" are merely marketing strategies.
Uber for X
Following Uber's success, there is a new startup entry that describes themselves as "Uber for X". According to Wired, Uber for X "has become a kind of term for convenience - a technological solution for every frustrating and boring task that makes them more comfortable or automates it entirely".
Legal status by country
Transportation network companies are organized in most jurisdictions. Regulations may include requirements for driver background checks, rates, number of drivers, and licenses. In December 2017, the European Court ruled that Uber was a transport company, subject to local transport regulations in EU member states, rather than the information society services as Uber said.
Uber has been prohibited or voluntarily withdrawn from, due to legal restrictions, the following jurisdictions: Alaska, Oregon (except Portland) in the United States, Vancouver in Canada, Bulgaria, Denmark, Hungary, Italy, Germany, London, Northern Region of Australia, Japan, and Taiwan.
Australia
Driver requirements to pay GST
In May 2015, the Australian Tax Office (ATO) issued a directive stating that drivers generating revenue through TNC must have an Australian Business Number and be registered to pay GST. Uber filed a lawsuit in the Federal Court of Australia, arguing that the public issue by the ATO "unfairly targets Uber's driver partner". In February 2017, a justice was found in support of ATO, forcing the driver to register and pay the GST. This is in spite of the standards applied to other Australian small businesses, where only businesses that generate more than $ 75,000 are required to collect and submit GST.
Legal status by country
New South Wales and Norfolk Island
On April 30, 2014, Transport for New South Wales clarified that "if NSW drivers pay community members as passengers, drivers and vehicles must operate in accordance with the Passenger Transport Law" and "Under the law , such services should be provided in a licensed taxi or car hire, by a properly accredited driver authorized by Roads and Maritime Services (RMS). " In December 2014, the New South Wales government confirmed that it had made an unannounced search to Sydney corporate offices in April of that year for law enforcement purposes.
The New South Wales government created a task force to look at Uber's arrangements, stating that the existing regulatory framework was "difficult to enforce", and therefore not as effective as possible. The task force also noted that the travel sharing service "appears to meet the criteria of general passenger services" under the 1990 Act and therefore drivers are required to pay local government GST service taxes. Starting December 17, 2015, Uber was forced to charge $ 1 per travel fee to fund a $ 250 million compensation fund for taxi operators.
Since July 1, 2016, all NSW laws also apply to about 2,000 residents on Norfolk Island, under both the Norfolk Island Law Amendment Law 2015 and the Rural Law 2016 because the Legislative Assembly of Norfolk was abolished on July 1, 2015.
Western Australia
On December 18, 2015, Dean Nalder, Western Australia's Transport Minister announced regulatory changes including requiring TNC to apply for an omnibus license, as required by the taxi service. Mr. Nalder also insists on security cameras for all taxis but not "omnibus", believes this should remain optional. Both Uber and the taxi industry support the regulation, which provides certainty.
Queensland
Former Queensland prime minister Campbell Newman said, "We are a deregulated-minded government" by the end of May 2014, in connection with the Queensland government's reluctance to regulate Uber. Transport Minister Scott Emerson later said that he "welcomes innovation in transportation technology", but Uber "must comply with relevant transport laws".
In mid-November 2014, the Queensland Taxi Board (TCQ) launched an anti-Uber media campaign, in which it warned Uber's passengers that they were risking their lives. With regard to the campaign slogan, "Do not risk your life - Rideshare's app is unlawful, insecure, and uninsured," TCQ Chief Executive Benjamin Wash said in a public statement: "Queensland taxi drivers undergo daily criminal checks, "You do not know who is behind the wheel." Uber responded with information about his insurance policy, including $ 5 million contingency liability insurance and "each driver's own full insurance policy." TCQ also launched an online parliamentary petition to ensure that Uber remained illegal in Queensland, while Emerson said that, since August, the government has issued "more than [A] $ 170,000 in fines to 62 [Uber] drivers".
In August 2016, the Queensland Government came out to support Uber's legalization. Since September 5, 2016, Uber has been officially in Queensland.
South Australia
Starting July 1, 2016, the share of a ride is legalized in South Australia following a review beginning in January 2015. As part of the reform package, compensation is offered to them in the taxi industry, and a $ 1 metropolitan cost levy is introduced to fund compensation. Taxis will continue to have exclusive rights to work in line or to be praised.
Victoria
On May 6, 2014, the Taxi Service Commission in Victoria, Australia, issued several notification violations to Uber drivers with a fine of A $ 1,723, following a public warning that made people reluctant to use TNC. State officials said they would review the country's Transport Act, while Uber said it would replace the drivers.
On December 4, 2015, a Uber driver was found guilty of driving a rental car without a license or registration; this case is the first of 12 filed against the Uber driver by Victoria Taxi Service Commission. On May 18, 2016, the ruling was annulled at the time of the appeal, effectively legalizing Uber in Victoria.
On August 25, 2016, the Andrews Ministry announced plans to legalize Uber completely in Victoria. Taxi licensee will be compensated by an 8-year A $ 1 levy on all taxi services and travel booking services in the state.
Bangladesh
Uber was launched on 22 November 2016 in Dhaka, but within 36 hours of launch, Bangladesh Road & amp; The Transport Authority (BRTA) said it was illegal. Uber along with several local Ride-sharing services such as Pathao, Amar Ride, and Bahon petitioned the rule and then lobbied the government to formulate a bill to make legal Ride-sharing services. Although government prohibitions are still in place, services remain open to the public and the general public welcomes the initiative as well. On December 3, 2017, BRTA formulated guidelines for Ride-sharing services and most Ride-sharing services including Uber was granted an Operating License in February 2018.
Autorickshaw CNG drivers from Dhaka and Chittagong strike from December 27 to December 28, 2017 with 8-point demands that include the imposition of a service-ride ban. They are facing a big reaction from the general public because the famous CNG Autorickshaw Driver is known for taking extra costs from yards, breaking traffic rules and fault with passengers. Then, the CNG Autorickshaw driver stated that they will join the Ride-sharing service starting February, 2018 in Dhaka and Chittagong. Although Uber and Pathao do not confirm about the integration of CNG Autorickshaw in their services, one of Uber officials said that they plan to integrate CNG Autorickshaw in the future as they have done in India and Pakistan.
Belgium
In April 2014, Uber was banned in Brussels, and the company was fined EUR10,000 if it offered tariffs to unlicensed taxi drivers. Bruxelles-Mobilite, the municipal federal administration responsible for infrastructure and traffic, confiscated 13 cars parallel to Uber after March 2014 and a spokesperson for the body described the service as "illegal" in June 2014. The spokesman also said in a statement publicly that Bruxelles-Mobilite generally deals with the problem of illegal taxi drivers in unruly sectors. Although it was banned in the Belgian capital Brussels, the company advertised the Brussels-based "General Manager" on LinkedIn's website in June 2014. The ad stated that the role "is by far the most demanding position offered Uber. "
In June 2016, the European Commission issued an order that Uber should be banned only as a last resort, and Uber continued to operate in the gray area of ​​Belgium.
Brazil
On April 29, 2015, Brazil's court banned Uber from responding to complaints by union taxi drivers. The court also ordered Apple Inc., Google Inc., Microsoft and Samsung Electronics to prevent further installation and use of Uber mobile apps by Brazilian residents. A few weeks later, the order was revoked, allowing Uber to operate normally and installing applications by Brazilian residents, albeit in legal disputes in Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro.
On July 24, 2015, 1,000 taxi drivers in Rio de Janeiro blocked traffic during the morning rush that protested Uber's expansion there. MPs have chosen to ban Uber in SÃÆ'Â £ Paulo and Brasilia.
In October 2015, Fernando Haddad, mayor of SÃÆ'Â £ o Paulo, signed a bill to allow a new category of "black cabs" that will operate in parallel with the city's licensed cabs but can only be booked through mobile apps. Uber did not participate in this scheme, saying "that it is not a taxi company and therefore not included in any category of this type of service" and calls it "very unconstitutional".
On November 26, 2015, a Uber driver was beaten by a taxi driver in Brazil, and a similar attack occurred.
Bulgarian
Uber started operating in Sofia in December 2014. In September 2015, a court enforced a fine imposed on Uber for unfair trade practices and Uber then stopped service in Bulgaria.
Canada
Uber drivers in Canada are required to "register, collect, and submit HST/GST from their prices to the government", regardless of their income.
The September 2012 article in Business in Vancouver reports disputes with local regulators. On November 22, 2012, Uber announced out of the "Secret Uber" stage in Vancouver and raised its minimum cost per trip to C $ 75 per hour to comply with provincial regulations.
On December 5, 2012, Toronto officials accused Uber with 25 city licensing violations, including unauthorized taxi station and unlicensed limousine service. City officials say they have advised the company to comply with local regulations and that competing taxi delivery applications have been licensed. Although support from some quarters including the mayor of John Tory the Toronto Police Service launched a crackdown on Uber drivers, and the court decided whether the order to ban the service was justified. In July 2015, a 400 million class action suit was filed against UberX and UberXL in Toronto on behalf of taxi drivers and Ontario's limo, broker, and owner. The claim statement alleges that UberX and UberXL violated section 39.1 of the Provincial Road Traffic Act by requiring unlicensed drivers to take passengers and transport them for compensation. In March 2016, Sukhvir Tehethi, a local taxi driver, filed an order against Uber. The Toronto city council amended the law in October 2015 and, according to Tehethi's lawyer, Uber driver broke it. Tehethi decided to take action saying that it could be months, or even years, if he waits for City Hall to act. A Toronto city councilor warned that passengers using UberX could be fined up to $ 20,000. On March 3, 2016, after hours of heated debate, the Toronto City Council passed a law allowing UberX to operate legally in the city under conditions, while also cutting regulations for taxis.
By 2015, Uber operates illegally in Edmonton, Alberta and Calgary, Alberta. City of Edmonton officials announce the draw on the proposed fare on September 9, 2015, which will allow Uber to operate legally in Edmonton. Uber opposes legal change and declares a timeline for implementing regulatory changes in too much of a hurry. Uber is legalized in Edmonton on Wednesday, January 27, 2016 effective March 1, 2016. Uber ceased operations in Edmonton on March 1, 2016, citing the inability to obtain the necessary insurance. Uber continues to operate outside Edmonton although there is no proper insurance or license from their driver.
The city of Calgary, Alberta has assigned at least 17 drivers to illegally drive to Uber. This driver operates without legally required insurance, which is not in Alberta. Uber was granted permission to operate in Calgary in December 2016.
In the province of Quebec, the government proposes Bill 100 to govern the Uber driver. Uber drivers have to undergo background checks, have their vehicles checked, drive for hours are limited, and obtain special SIM classes provided for taxi drivers. Despite these restrictions, Quebec's taxi industry has been protesting against Uber's presence in the province.
Costa Rica
On 21 August 2015, Uber began operations in Costa Rica and several Uber drivers were immediately attacked by taxi drivers.
China
In December 2014, in Chongqing, a western Chinese city, police raided a training session hosted by Uber attended by more than 20 drivers. In April 2015, Chinese authorities stormed the Uber office in Guangzhou, Guangdong.
On May 6, 2015, local police raided Uber's office in Chengdu, in Sichuan province.
Croatian
Before Uber began operating in Croatia, the Croatian Development Sustainability and the main taxi service company opposed it, stating that Uber's service price is not enough to compensate drivers for gas, car maintenance, passenger insurance, or health insurance and pensions for drivers, and Uber prices nor does it include VAT or surtax. The taxi firm Ekotaksi stated how Uber would violate state laws about offering passenger transport services, saying how Uber's driver has no obligation to maintain passenger safety and service quality. Cammeo's taxi service states how if they themselves invest in their drivers, issue fiscal receipts, pay VAT, that in that case they regard Uber as unfair competition that violates many laws. The list ernji reported ORAH and taxi service is planning an open letter to the city council of Zagreb to prevent Uber coming to the Croatian capital. In October 2015, Uber started service in Zagreb. In June 2016, the service also began operations in the coastal cities of Split and Dubrovnik, two important tourist sites. In September 2016, a group of taxi drivers attacked Uber's driver waiting for passengers at Zagreb Airport. The Uber driver cancels the drive before the passengers arrive and leave, with the attackers following him. The attack was filmed by the victim and reported to law enforcement in Croatia.
Czech Republic
The biggest protest against Uber in Prague occurred in the first half of February 2018, when the taxi driver drove out and back along the highway. This is repeated for several days. The streets of Prague were also occupied by taxi drivers in October 2017 when they protested near the airport. Uber's activities in Brno were previously stopped by a district court in 2017, but later the court overturned a temporary measure. In early March 2018, Uber ended an agreement with the Czech government. Drivers under this agreement must be licensed as a taxi driver.
Denmark
After Uber Black and UberPop were launched in Copenhagen in November 2014, the national transport authorities filed a police complaint, allegedly because Uber was operating illegally in Denmark. A spokesman for the authorities told reporters that Uber had not made contact before the launch, and "we do not think their [Uber] services are in compliance with the law." Denmark's transport minister later spoke in January 2015, stating that, although he did not oppose Uber, the application was "contradictory" to Danish law - consumer safety and employee training were identified as major issues. However, the final decision is subject to the results of a police investigation that began in November 2014.
In July 2016, 6 Uber drivers were punished for offering unlicensed taxi service. Police also commissioned more than 48 Uber drivers for driving unlicensed cabs.
On November 18, 2016, the Danish east high court ruled that Uber was an illegal taxi service.
Egypt
Uber and Careem faced harsh criticism in Egypt in early 2016 by local taxi drivers for operating without official taxi permits. Taxi drivers organized several protests and sit-ins demanding the Egyptian government intervene to stop TNC activities. A committee was organized by the Egyptian government to assess the complaints of taxi drivers protesting and standardizing taxi services in Egypt. They decided to support TNC, to ensure that they could operate legally and provide legal protection for TNC drivers who had been attacked by state police and angry taxi drivers.
European Union
In December 2017, the European Court ruled that Uber was a transport company, subject to local transport regulations in EU member states, rather than the information society services as Uber said.
Finnish
Uber entered the Finnish market by launching the UberPop service in Helsinki in 2014. In September 2016, the Helsinki Appellate Court considered Uber illegal, as the company offered taxi services without applying for a taxi for the vehicle. Since the verdict, driving to Uber has faced criminal charges in Finland, and UberPop has been suspended in the country since 2017. As a result of the deregulation of the Finnish taxi market in 2018, Uber is once again allowed to operate in the country.
French
After Uber launched its UberPop version of the app in Paris in early 2014, the Directorate General of Competition, Consumer Affairs and Product Quality/Security (DGCCRF), the French consumer protection agency, began to consider banning UberPop. The DGCCRF is concerned about unfair competition because UberPop sells itself as a service-sharing service when in fact taxi services (in France, non-profit sharing requires licenses and insurance); and that Uber did not pay the taxes he ought to have.
On January 13, 2014, a taxi driver in Paris attacked a Uber driver's car near Charles de Gaulle Airport, protesting against competition from transport startup. On June 11, 2014, in a joint action, taxis blocked roads in major European cities in protest against what they perceived as a threat to their livelihoods from companies such as Uber. Taxi drivers argue that Uber and similar smartphone-based app services have an unfair advantage because they are not subject to the same type of fees and regulations that are placed on taxis. On June 25, 2015, a taxi driver in Paris "locked up" Paris in an anti-Uber protest. Courtney Love's musicians were caught in the protests and tweeted instantly when her Uber taxi was brutally assaulted and she and her driver were taken hostage.
In addition to the actions of consumer agents, taxi drivers conduct a series of strikes, while authorities issue a new law in September requiring all non-traditional car taxi services to return to the garage among tariffs, and prohibit Uber to display the location of nearby cars. in the application. A court ruling that considers illegal services was granted on October 17, 2014. The court stated that UberPop violated pre-existing rules that prohibit carpooling for profit and fined Uber EUR100,000 (US $ 128,000) for "fraudulent practices."
After UberPool's service, described by Uber as a later iteration of the UberPop model, was introduced to Paris in mid-November 2014, Pierre-Dimitri Gore-Coty, head of Western Europe Uber, told the media that "We [Uber] will never make any changes until forced. "Gore-Coty says that Uber" is very confident "about canceling the decision and that Uber has no intention of changing his application in accordance with French lawsuits. UberPool continues to operate in Paris and continues to recruit French drivers and passengers aggressively.
On December 12, 2014, a French court ruled that Uber could not advertise some of its services to the general public in France; if that happens, will face a $ 25,000 fine every day. The UberPop service of the company is prohibited on January 1, 2015, under the provisions of the venoud Act, which requires anyone carrying passengers to be hired to be licensed and have insurance. On February 23, 2015 about 100 drivers, most of the first offenders, have been ticketed.
In June 2015, the French authorities arrested the managers of Uber Thibault Simphal and Pierre-Dimitri Gore-Coty on six counts, including "deceptive trading practices", involvement in instigating illegal taxi driving activities, and the storing of illegal personal information. Meanwhile, anti-Uber protests by taxi drivers became increasingly ferocious.
On 5 July 2015, Uber suspended UberPop in the face of pressure by the French government pending a constitutional court ruling on Uber's legal services. On September 22, 2015, France's highest constitutional authority dismissed the challenge to a law prohibiting UberPop from offering UberPop for a low price, keeping legal pressure on the company. Uber stated that the decision was disappointing but the company will continue to work with the French government, trying to find a solution.
In June 2016, the Paris court fined Uber EUR800,000, half suspended, for illegally running UberPop services in 2015.
German
In early 2014, the Berlin government decided against Uber - which operates in German cities, Berlin, Munich, Frankfurt, Hamburg and DÃÆ'¼sseldorf - on two occasions following a case filed by the Berlin Taxi Association. The first decision, submitted by the court in April 2014, considers Uber limousine service to violate local regulations, while the August 13, 2014 decision prohibits service operating in Berlin due to security concerns - a final decision, which includes a EUR25,000 fine for non-compliance, citing issues related to unregulated vehicles and unqualified drivers that are not properly insured. Representatives of the Berlin Taxi Association said on August 14 that legal proceedings were under way, and that Uber could appeal against a second decision.
On August 28, 2014, a court in Frankfurt issued a stop order and quit immediately against Uber, following calls from the Taxi Deutschland cooperative. Initial court orders applied to all Germany and included a EUR250,000 fine per ride for non-compliance. If the order is breached, German-based Uber employees may be incarcerated for up to six months, in addition to imposing fines on the company. Uber Premium Uber Black service is not affected by the decision.
On September 16, 2014, the Frankfurt district court revoked the preliminary decision, allowing Uber to re-operate in Germany. The presiding judge writes that the Deutschland Taxi case "will have a prospect for success", but the case is only filed late, as every case should be filed within two months after the launch of the Uber service began in Germany in April 2014, but the case was filed in August 2014. According to Deutschland Taxi's legal representative after the announcement of the decision, the agency has "decided to appeal the decision, and we [Taxi Deutschland] will also request that the temporary order be restored", meaning the matter must be heard in a higher court.
On March 18, 2015, the Frankfurt district court imposed a national ban on local transport services using Uber and UberPop smartphone apps. Any violation of this Uber order will incur a fine of 250,000 euros. According to the presiding judge, there is a violation of passenger transport laws because the driver operates without permission and does not have the right type of license. He also said that the company did not bring enough insurance to cover Uber's services.
Uber then limits itself to UberX and UberBLACK services, which require drivers who hold passenger transport licenses.
Hong Kong
On August 11, 2015, Hong Kong Police raided Uber's office after arresting five drivers in an assault operation aimed at fighting illegal taxis. 2 other drivers were arrested the next day. However, the Hong Kong government investment agency, InvestHK, has supported Uber as one of the "success stories" on its website, even though the endorsement was later removed.
On March 15, 2018, a group of local taxi drivers protested outside the Hong Kong Police Headquarters asking for action to be taken on the "unlicensed taxi". They accuse Uber of using false documents and misleading to lie to the public. On the same day, another group of taxi drivers protested by honking their horns for 30 seconds at Admiralty at noon. They also threatened to flood the area with their vehicles if no action was taken by the government.
Hungarian
Uber is an illegal taxi service in Hungary and has stopped operations there. The Tax Authority accepts the right to block Uber's illegal service from the internet.
Uber drivers can be fined up to 800,000 HUF, authorities may remove license plate numbers. All controlled drivers are illegal.
India
Hyderabad
The Hyderabad road transport authority banned Uber's taxi a day after India's Ministry of the Interior suggested all countries to stop the operation of a web-based taxi service. A spokesman for the authorities said that Uber is not licensed to operate in the city, and asked the public to stop using Uber's taxi service.
Karnataka
After Home Minister Rajnath Singh announced in Parliament on December 9, 2014, that he had advised all Union states and territories to ban unregistered and unlicensed taxi services, the Karnataka state government banned Uber on December 11, 2014.
New Delhi
In December 2014, following a rape allegation against Uber's driver in New Delhi, India, Uber was banned from New Delhi for failing to follow the city's mandatory verification procedures. The driver has been prosecuted, then released, from previous sexual assault in 2011. Within two days after the rape incident, nearly 7,000 people signed a petition calling on Uber to conduct a mandatory seven-year background check on the driver, in accordance with the US. operation. The Delhi transport department forbids Uber from all activities related to the provision of all types of transportation services in the city. Uber issued a statement stating that it would work with the Indian government "to establish clear background checks currently not in their commercial transport license program."
In banning Uber, Delhi's transport department cited some of the rules that Uber had broken. According to the New Delhi Taxi Taxi Scheme, 2006, all taxi licensors must be a company under the Companies Act, 2013 (or Act 1956), or the community under the Population Registration Act, 1860. In addition, the taxi service must provide a parking space adequate. space for all taxis, as well as adequate office space to accommodate control rooms, minimum fleet size maintenance per license (500 vehicles), and all vehicles must be equipped with GPS/GPRS tracking system (to be in constant communication with control room on duty). The regulations also stipulate that the taxi licensee is responsible for ensuring the driver's quality, including police verification, supervision, and employee behavior.
Uber is faced with a limit on the number of drivers allowed to operate.
On April 9, 2018, Uber ceased operations in Indonesia.
Indonesia
On March 22, 2016, thousands of taxi drivers in Jakarta rallied against Uber and similar services, Grab. Several places were targeted during the protests, including the Merdeka Palace, the DPR/MPR Building, and the headquarters of Communications and Informatics. Taxi drivers allege that Grab and Uber caused them to receive a smaller daily income due to the increasing number of app users. The demonstrators also demanded that the government ban applications and issue government decisions on the issue.
Israel
Uber first introduced limited services in the Tel Aviv area in August 2014. However, in November 2017 the Tel Aviv District Court issued a permanent order against Uber's private car usage in Israel on the grounds that it does not have insurance coverage from regulated taxis. Uber was allowed to provide his services in a licensed taxi like any other company with resources such as Gett. Although Uber has the support of Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, the court decides to taxi companies and drivers who oppose Uber.
Italy
In May 2015, the Milan Court banned Uberpop from accusing "unfair competition" and violations of local jurisdictions governing taxi services. The suit was originally initiated by the Italian taxi driver union.
On May 25, 2015, the Italian judge dott. Claudio Marangoni forbids UberPop applications for unhealthy competition practices.
On April 6, 2017, the Italian judge dott. Alfredo Landi prohibits UberBlack, Uber-Lux, Uber-SUV, Uber-X, Uber-XL, UberSelect and Uber-Van applications throughout Italy for unhealthy competition practices.
Dutch
On December 8, 2014, Dutch judges banned UberPop's propaganda service launched as a pilot project in Amsterdam between July and September 2014, followed by expansion to The Hague and Rotterdam. The Trade and Industry Appeals Court based in The Hague decides: "Drivers who carry people for unlawful payments are illegal". Uber's official response indicates that the company will continue to offer the service, despite a fine of EUR100,000 and a EUR40,000 fine for the captured driver.
Malaysia
On October 15, 2014, five Uber drivers had been involved in a crackdown by
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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