Pseudofolliculitis barbae ( PFB ), also known as barber itch , folliculitis barbae traumatica , razor bump , the pseudofolliculitis scar of the beard , and shave bumps , is a medical term for persistent irritation caused by shaving. Pseudofolliculitis barbae was first described in 1956.
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Pseudofolliculitis barbae (PFB) is the most common on the face, but it can also occur in other parts of the body where hair is shaved or picked, especially areas where curly hair and sensitive skin, such as genital shaving (more correctly called pseudofolliculitis pubis or PFP).
After the hair is shaved, it begins to grow again. Curly hair tends to curl into the skin, rather than straight out of the follicle, causing an inflammatory reaction. PFB can make the skin look itchy and red, and in some cases, it can even look like a pimple. These inflamed papules or pustules may form especially if the area becomes infected.
This is very problematic for some men who have thick hair or coarse curls. Curly hair increases the likelihood of PFB by a factor of 50. If left untreated from time to time, this may cause keloid scarring in the beard area.
Pseudofolliculitis barbae can then be divided into two types of hair that grows inward: transfollicular and extrafollicular . Hair extrafollicular is hair that has come out of the follicle and re-entered the skin. Transfollicular hair never comes out of the follicle, but because of its natural curling nature it curls back into the follicle causing fluid accumulation and irritation.
Common polymorphisms in the keratin gene (K6hf) have been linked to PFB, suggesting that it may be a genetic risk factor. This sequence change leads to the substitution of amino acids in the highly sustainable helical initiation motif of the K6hf trunk domain. The A12T polymorphism operator is six times more likely to develop PFB compared to homozygous people for the wild K6hf type sequence. This suggests the K6hf mutation structurally weakens the companion layer that separates the inner and outer root sheath and increases the likelihood that the hair of the beard will grow.
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Prevention
The most effective prevention is to grow a beard. For men who are sued; or just prefers to shave, studies show optimal lengths to about 0.5 mm to 1 mm to prevent their hair growing back into the skin. Using a beard trimmer at the lowest setting (0.5 mm or 1 mm) rather than shaving is an effective alternative. The resulting fainting protrusion can be formed using a standard electric razor in a non-problem area (cheeks, lower neck).
For most cases, completely avoiding shaving for three to four weeks allows all lesions to subside, and most extrafollicular hair will heal in about ten days. Permanent removal of hair follicles is the only definitive treatment for PFB. Electrolysis is effective but limited by slow speed, pain, and cost. Hair treatment with laser help is effective. There is a risk of skin discoloration and the risk of scarring is very small.
Peeling with various tools such as brush and loofah also helps prevent bumps.
Some men use electric razors to control PFB. Those who use a razor, should use a single knife or a knife-wrapped special knife to avoid shaving too tightly, with a new shaved blade. Shaving in the direction of hair growth every day, rather than every day, can increase pseudofolliculitis barbae. If one has to use a knife, softening the beard first with a warm and wet washcloth for five minutes or shaving while bathing in hot water can help. Some use shaving powder (a kind of chemical hair removal remedy) to avoid the irritation of using a knife. Barium sulfide-based depilatories are most effective, but produce unpleasant odors.
Treatment
The simplest treatment for PFB is to let beards grow. There is a razor lump can often be treated by removing the hair that grows inward. Extrafollicular hair can usually be gently pulled from beneath the skin with tweezers. Using a fingernail to "break" a lump can cause infection and scarring, and should be avoided. Complete hair removal from the follicles is not recommended. Severe or transfollicular hair may need to be removed by a dermatologist.
Medications are also prescribed to speed healing of the skin. Clinical trials have demonstrated glycolic acid-based peels as an effective and well-tolerated therapy that results in significantly fewer PFB lesions on the face and neck. The mechanism of action of glycolic acid is not known, but it is hypothesized that more straight hair growth is caused by the reduction of sulfhidrolbond in the hair shaft by glycolic acid, leading to reduced re-entry of the hair shaft to the follicle wall or epidermis.. Salicylic acid skin is also effective. Prescription antibiotic gel (Benzamycin, Cleocin-T) or oral antibiotics are also used. Retin-A is a potent treatment that helps eliminate scarring after a few months. This was added as a retin-A Cream 0.05 - 0.1% night app for beard skin while the beard grew out. Tea tree oil, Witch Hazel, and Hydrocortisone are also noted as possible treatment and treatment for a razor lump.
Related conditions
Razor burn is a less serious condition caused by shaving, characterized by mild to moderate redness and irritation on the skin surface. Unlike PFB, it is usually transient and no infections are involved.
There is also a condition called folliculitis barbae . The difference between the two is the cause of inflammation in the hair follicle. Folliculitis barbae is caused by a viral or bacterial infection, in which pseudofolliculitis is caused by irritation from hair loss and grown inward.
Related conditions, pseudofolliculitis nuchae , occur behind the neck, often along the posterior hairline, when the curved hair is cut short and allowed to grow back into the skin. If left untreated, this can develop into nyoidalis nuchae acne, a condition in which a hard and dark lump of keloid forms in the neck. Both often occur in black men in the military, where it is very common that services often have a well-known protocol for management
Legal issues
In the United States, the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals found that Domino's Pizza's non-proprietary policy created a different impact by excluding a quarter of black males from work but almost no white men violated the 1991 Civil Rights Act, Title VII. By contrast, in 1993, the Court of Appeal of the Eleventh Circuit upheld the "beardless" policy in the Atlanta fire department because it was justified by "business needs", in this case the fact that even a short beard disrupted the use of firefighting on oneself. - Respiratory aids contained.
See also
- Laser hair removal
- List of skin conditions
References
External links
- NYU Langone Medical Center, Department of Dermatology
- Pseudofolliculitis Barbae in Merck Manual Diagnosis and Therapy Professional Edition
- American Osteopathic College of Dermatology
- New Zealand Dermatology Society
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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