Automobile air conditioning

Auto Air Conditioning Systems at a Glance - YouTube

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The Car air conditioning system (also called A/C ) uses air conditioning to cool the air inside the vehicle.

Video Automobile air conditioning

Histori

A company in New York City in the United States first offered the installation of air conditioning for cars in 1933. Most of their customers operate limousines and luxury cars.

In 1939, Packard became the first car manufacturer to offer air conditioning units in its car. It was produced by Bishop and Babcock Co., from Cleveland, Ohio. The "Bishop and Babcock Weather Conditioner" also includes heating. The car was booked with a new "Weather Cooler" shipped from East Grand Boulevard facility in Packard to the B & B where the conversion takes place. Once completed, the car is sent to a local dealer where the customer will take delivery.

Packard fully guarantees and supports this conversion, and markets it well. However, it was not commercially successful for a number of reasons:

The main evaporator and blower system takes half of the trunk space (though this becomes less of a problem as the stem becomes larger in the post-war period).
Replaced by a more efficient system in the postwar years.
It does not have a temperature thermostat or a lethal mechanism other than turning off the blower. (Cold air will sometimes keep the car in motion because the belt continues to be connected to the compressor - the system will then use an electrically operated grip to solve this problem.)
A few feet from the waterway back and forth between the engine compartment and the trunk proves unreliable in service.
The price, at US $ 274 ($ 4,692.12 in 2014 US dollars), is unaffordable for most post-depressed/pre-war Americans.

This option was terminated after 1941.

Chrysler Airtemp

The 1953 Chrysler Imperial was one of the first production cars in twelve years to offer modern car air conditioning as an option, following tentative experiments by Packard in 1940 and Cadillac in 1941. Walter Chrysler had seen the invention of AC Airtemp in the 1930s. for Chrysler Building, and had offered it to cars in 1941-42, and again in 1951-52.

Airtemp was more advanced than the rival car air conditioner in 1953. The aircraft operated by a single switch on the dashboard was marked with low, medium, and high positions. As the highest capacity unit available at that time, the system was able to quickly cool the passenger compartment and also reduce the moisture, dust, pollen, and tobacco smoke. This system attracts more outside air than contemporary systems; thereby, reducing the acuity associated with the automotive air conditioner at the time. Instead of a plastic tube mounted on the rack of the rear window package as in a GM car, a small channel directs cold air to the ceiling of the car where it is filtered around the passenger instead of blowing directly at them, a feature that modern cars have lost.

Cadillac, Buick, and Oldsmobile add air conditioning as an option on some of their models in the 1953 model. All of these Frigidaire systems use separate engines and trunk-mounted components.

Nash integrated system

In 1954, Ambassador Nash was the first American car to have a fully integrated, fully integrated front-end heating, ventilation and air conditioning system. The Nash-Kelvinator company uses its cooling experience to introduce a compact and affordable one-unit heating and cooling system for the automotive industry of choice for its Nash model. It is the first mass-market system with controls in dashboards and electric couplings. The system is also compact and can be used with all its components mounted under the hood or in the cowl area.

Combining heating, cooling, and ventilation, the new air conditioning system for Nash's car is called "All-Weather Eye". This follows the name of the "Weather Eye" marketing for Nash's new air-conditioning heating and ventilation system, which was first used in 1938. With one thermostatic control, the option of cooling Nash's passenger air compartment was "a good and very cheap system." The system has cold air for passengers coming in through vents mounted on the dashboard. Nash's exclusive "extraordinary progress" is not just a "sophisticated" integrated system, but also a $ 345 price that defeats all other systems.

Most competing systems use separate heating systems and engine-mounted compressors, which are driven by the engine's crankshaft through the belt, with an evaporator in the trunk of the car to deliver cold air through the rear parcel shelf and upper vents. General Motors made an optional front-mounted AC system in 1954 at Pontiacs with an eight straight engine that added separate control and air distribution. The alternative layout pioneered by Nash "became an established practice and continues to form the basis of modern and sophisticated automatic climate control systems."

Demand growth

Air conditioning for cars began to be widely used since the late 20th century. Although AC uses significant power; Drag the car with the closed window smaller than if the window opens to cool the occupants. There is much debate about the effects of air conditioning on vehicle fuel efficiency. Factors such as wind resistance, aerodynamics and engine power and weight must be considered, to find a real difference between using air conditioning systems and not using them, when estimating actual fuel mileage. Other factors may affect the engine, and overall engine heat increase may affect the vehicle cooling system.

Innovation was adopted quickly and new features for air conditioning such as Cadillac Comfort Control which is an automatic heating and cooling system arranged by dial thermostat was introduced as the first industry in 1964 model. In 1960 about 20% of all cars in the US have air conditioning , with the percentage rising to 80% in the warmer Southwest area. American Motors makes standard AC equipment on all AMC Ambassadors starting with the 1968 model, the first in the mass market, with a starting price of $ 2,671. In 1969, 54% of domestic cars were equipped with air conditioning, with features required not only for passenger comfort, but also for increasing the resale value of the car.

Evaporative cooling

The car cooler is a car-cooled cooler, sometimes referred to as a swamp cooler. Most are relatively inexpensive accessories consisting of metal cylinders mounted outside the window without moving parts, but internal under dashboard or central floor unit with electric fan available. This is an early type of car air conditioner and is not used in modern cars that rely on cooling systems to cool the interior.

To cool the air is used latent heat (in other words, cooling with water evaporation). The water inside the device evaporates and in the process removes heat from the surrounding air. Wet air with humidity is then directed to the inside of the car. The "cooling" effect evaporates with moisture as the air is saturated with water. Therefore, the lower the moisture, as in the dry desert region, the better the system works. Cooling cars is very popular, especially among summer travelers who visit or traverse the states of the southwestern United States of California, Arizona, Texas, New Mexico, and Nevada.

Maps Automobile air conditioning

Principle of operation

In the cooling cycle, heat is transported from the passenger compartment to the environment. Refrigerators are an example of such a system, as it transports heat out of the interior and into the ambient environment.

The refrigerant gas vapor in circulation (which also carries the oil compressor lubricant across the system along with it) from the evaporator enters the gas compressor in the engine room, usually an axial piston pump compressor, and is compressed to a higher pressure, resulting in temperature as well. Hot and compressed refrigerant vapor is now at a temperature and pressure that can be condensed and flowed through the condenser, usually in front of the car radiator. Here the refrigerant is cooled by air flowing across the condenser coil (derived from the motion of the vehicle or from the fan, often the same fan of the cooling radiator if the condenser is mounted on it, automatically switched on when the vehicle is stationary or moving at low speed) and is condensed into liquid. Thus, circulating refrigerants reject the heat from the system and heat is carried by air.

The thickened and pressurized liquid refrigerant is then channeled through the receivers, ie, one-way dryers and a good cartridge filter dehydrates the mixture of cooling oil and compressor oil to remove the residual water content (which will ice inside the expansion valve and therefore clog it) that the vacuum is performed before the charging process fails to remove from the system, and filters it to remove the solid particles carried by the mixture, and then through the thermal expansion valve where it experiences a sudden drop of pressure. Pressure reduction results in flash evaporation from the liquid refrigerant part, lowering the temperature. The cold refrigerant is then flowed through the evaporator coil in the passenger compartment.

Air, often after being filtered by a cabin air filter, is blown by electrically powered centrifugal fans at adjustable speeds in the evaporator, causing the liquid part of the cold refrigerant mixture to evaporate as well, further lowering the temperature. The warm air is cooled, and also the loss of moisture (which condenses on the evaporator coil and is dried outside the vehicle) in the process. Then pass through the heating matrix, where the engine coolant circulates, where it can be heated to a certain level or even a particular temperature selected by the user and then sent into the vehicle cabin through a series of adjustable vents. Another way to adjust the desired air temperature, this time by working on the cooling capacity of the system, instead regulates the speed of the centrifugal fan so that only the air-cooled volumetric flow rate is required by the evaporator. Users are also given the option to close the vehicle's external air cover, to achieve faster and stronger cooling by redistributing the cooled air inside the cabin to the evaporator.

To complete the cooling cycle, the refrigerant vapor is flown back to the compressor.

The warmer the air reaches the evaporator, the higher the pressure the vapor mixture is removed from it and therefore the higher the load is placed on the compressor and therefore on the machine to keep the refrigerant flowing through the system.

The compressor can be driven by a car engine (eg through a belt, often a serpentine belt, and electromagnetic clutch driven: an electronically driven variable displacement compressor can also always be driven directly by the belt without the need for coupling and magnetism at all) or with an electric motor.