Medical care is a term used in some countries to describe a physician in training who has completed medical school and has a medical degree, but is not yet fully licensed for unattended medical practice. In other countries medical education generally ends with a period of practical training similar to an internship, but the way the overall program of academic and practical medical training is structured is different in each case, as well as the terminology used (see medical education and medical school for further details).
Video Internship (medicine)
Australia
In Australia, medical graduates must complete one year at an accredited hospital post before receiving full enrollment; This year's conditional registration is known as the apprentice year. The internship is completed not necessarily in the hospital in the same country as the graduate medical school. It really depends on personal factors as well as professional career aspirations.
Maps Internship (medicine)
Brazil
In Brazil, medical schools consist of six years or twelve semesters; the last two years (or one and a half years, depending on the University concerned) are said to be apprentices. During this time, students will undergo extensive hospital work hours and perform basic hospital work while being monitored by residents and staff. Typically, this period is divided between Internal Medicine, Surgery, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Pediatrics, Emergency Medicine, Family Medicine and a final elective period in which students can select areas to gain further experience. After completing an internship, students graduate to a doctor, and then can work unattended or enter a residency program to get specialization.
Chile
After High School, the medical program in Chile consists of 7 years, has 5 years as a medical student and 2 years as an apprentice doctor to get the title of MÃÆ' Â © dico Cirujano (equivalent to General Practitioner at UNITED STATES). Internships must include at least 4 basic specializations (Internal Medicine, General Surgery, Gynecology and Obstetrics and Pediatrics) during this period. After completing an internship, a new doctor may work in primary care, hospital or apply for residency for specialization.
DR Congo
DR Congo has a 2-year internship program for public health schools. Many hospitals employ Doctors before their full enrollment with the medical board (CNOM). Ecuador
After finishing high school, students have the possibility to enroll in medical school. Medical schools generally consist of 5 years of medical school and one year of internship, where students rotate through different surgical and clinical specialties. After this, students get a Medical Doctor degree (according to US degrees). In addition, there is a mandatory year of community medicine to obtain a list of medical and licenses from the Ministry of Public Health (MSP). After this, MD has the possibility to conduct residency or enroll in a specialist.
Egypt
One year of Internship Training or Nursing Training at the University or Teaching Hospital is done after graduating from medical school. During this year, graduates must complete a two-month rotation in every General Surgery, Internal Medicine, Pediatrics and Obstetrics/Gynecology. They must also complete their one-month rotation of their choice in each of the Surgery sub-specialties, the sub-specialty of Internal Medicine, Anesthesiology and ER drugs. After graduates have completed their Internship, they are given full license to practice.
German
Regulations in Germany from 1988 to 2004 are reserved for physicians seeking legal qualifications or licenses to serve as "Arzt im Praktikum" (doctor in apprentice) for 18 months. In 2004 this rule was deleted. Since then the medical doctors, who have successfully completed their medical studies, have received an immediate legal qualification and the status of a physician's assistant when taking a medical job.
Ghana
The housemanship (period internship) is a period of two years after graduation from medical school where the newly qualified physician, the practice under supervision at the designated hospital in the country. It involves six (6) individual lunar rotations in Medicine, Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics in no particular order. Alternatively, a houseman may choose a rotation in Anesthesia or Psychiatry in place of one of four traditional rotational fields. During this period, the houseman (intern) is granted a temporary registration status with the Ghana Medical and Dental Council and will only be granted full registration status upon successful completion of the job as a housewife. They then take the rank of Medical Officer (M.O.).
India
After four and a half years of medical school (MBBS degree), every doctor in India must undergo a one-year mandatory internship in various specialties to obtain permanent registration at the Medical Council of India as a doctor. Only after being registered permanently with MCI, a person is licensed to practice medicine as primary care physician across India Dental students also undergo a mandatory internship for one year without a degree requirement that is not considered full and a professional license to practice is not entrusted to a person.
Iran
In Iran, an internship is an 18-month period at the end of a 7-year medical education to be performed at a university hospital. Then, medical students can graduate and work independently as a Medical Doctor (MD) or participate in the Comprehensive Cardiac National Examination and continue to study in the desired specialization. If they decide to work as GPs, they must first perform mandatory service for a period, regarding their national service or their individual status, in underserved areas recognized by the Ministry of Health of Iran, as part of its commitment to the ministry. Medical Internships offer a rotating schedule through all major and minor specialties, including emergency medicine, internal medicine, midwifery & amp; gynecology, pediatrics, surgery, dermatology, ophthalmology, otorhinolaryngology, infectious diseases, and psychiatry.
Iraq
In Iraq, after graduating from a 6-year medical program, graduates start an internship at the hospital. Medical personnel must complete a period of 3 months in each of the specialties of internal medicine, obstetrics and gynecology, surgery, psychiatry and pediatrics. Also, they work for varying time periods in several assigned subspecializations]. Each specialization is given in a special program for 3 months, after completing a doctor's apprentice eligible to practice independently. According to the above apprenticeship definition, internships have degrees but they are not fully licensed for unattended medical practice.
Republic of Ireland
In order to register fully with the Irish Medical Council, graduates are required to complete a twelve-month training at an approved general hospital. Internships consist of at least one surgical rotation and at least one medical rotation. A minimum of two months and a maximum of three months may be spent on other specialties, including emergency medicine, general practice, midwifery & amp; gynecology, pediatrics, psychiatry, anesthesia and radiology.
After completing the internship, the doctor gets a satisfactory service certificate. Upon receipt of the certificate, the Medical Board shall grant the right to a temporary registered physician to apply for full registration in the Medical Practitioner's General Register, with payment of fees.
Israel
In Israel, medical graduates must complete one year in an accredited hospital before receiving full enrollment; this year's conditional registration is known as the apprentice year. Upon completion of this mandatory year, graduates may enter into specialized courses, or general medical practice. There are two types of internships:
- "direct apprenticeship" is performed either in internal medicine, pediatrics or surgery. Internship participants spend 6 consecutive months (second half of this year) in their chosen specialization, and 2 months of surgery, 2 months in pediatrics, and 1 month in emergency medicine. Rotating internship offers a rotating schedule through all major specialties, including 3 months of internal medicine, 2 months of pediatrics, 2 months of surgery, 1 month of emergency treatment, 1 month of anesthesiology and intensive care, and 2 months of elective.
Regardless of the program chosen, each apprentice earns one month off.
Some applicants prefer a rotating program because it is generally not as heavy as a direct internship. However, a straight year can provide better preparation for the second year of residency.
Jordan
In Jordan, after completing medical school (6 years), medical students received M.D. but may only practice medicine after working in the hospital for 12 months. After completing this year's hospital work, students will be licensed to work as a GP.
Lebanon
In Lebanon, universities like the American University of Beirut (AUB), University of Balamand (UOB), or the American University of Lebanon (LAU), follow a curriculum similar to US universities. But other universities, which follow the French (European) system such as Universite Saint Joseph (USJ) follow the French curriculum, this excludes eg Pre-medical studies (BS in science), instead students are directly enrolled in a 7-year program in which he studies science and medicine.
Malaysia
Any medical graduate, from a Malaysian public or private university, or from a university/college approved abroad, must apply for a temporary registration with the Malaysian Medical Council. After the board approves their application, they are listed as 'Approved for Consideration'. This Agreement is required for them to apply for the position of the Medical Officer Graduate (Persira Perubatan Siswazah) from the government, to be accepted into government services.
Once the application has been accepted by the government (through interview process, and government compulsory course), the Council will register them as Medical Graduate Officers with Temporary Registration Number, enabling them to serve as home officers (called HO for short), working in government hospital (with adequate consultants from each specialist/department).
After completion of rotation at:
- Internal medicine
- Surgery
- Pediatrics
- Orthopedics,
- Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Emergency Treatment Options, Anesthesiology, Psychiatry, Family Medicine;
for 4 months in each rotation (with a total of 24 months of household service), they will be registered by Malaysian Medical Council as "Fully Registered".
Government services are mandatory for every medical graduate to get full registration with the Malaysian Medical Council, so they can practice independently.
There are cases where the 24-month period to host is extended due to disability and health reasons, which are under the jurisdiction of the Council. A fully registered doctor (called a medical officer, MO) is then free to choose to work in the government or private sector
Consultants in this country, for the most part, refer to a doctor with a complete specialization and subspecialty training and a Master or PhD degree, approved by the Council.
Mexico
To become a doctor in Mexico, one must study 12 years of primary and secondary school before entering medical school.
Medical education includes:
- 5 years of medical school (10 semesters) that includes basic science and clinical rotation.
- a rotating year of apprenticeship, where the primary purpose is to be gradually responsible for managing unattended clinical attention. Clinical fields include: pediatrics, surgery, internal medicine, obstetrics and gynecology, emergency department, communicational medicine.
- one year of social service, whether the medical school present is private or public.
After completing medical school, medical students can obtain a license to work as a general practitioner. If the interest of this general practitioner to be trained in a particular field such as pediatrics, internal medicine, orthopedic surgery, etc., he must complete a 3 to 7 year residency program (depending on the chosen field) to obtain a license to work as a specialist in the field.
Nepal
After four and a half years of medical school (MBBS level) every doctor in Nepal must undergo a one-year compulsory internship in various specialties to obtain permanent registration at Nepal Medical Council as a doctor. Internships must be completed from their own Medical colleges as recommended by NMC. Only after being registered permanently with NMC, a person is licensed to practice medicine as a primary care physician throughout Nepal.
Netherlands
The Netherlands historically has a 4-year preclinical phase completed by a master's pre-doctoral degree (doctorandus) followed by a two-year apprenticeship, with the same responsibilities as an apprentice in the US. The two-year training will result in a M.D. with license for independent practice after successful completion. With the introduction of the Bachelor/Master system as determined by the Bologna Process, the medical education curriculum has been modified in all of the country's eight medical schools consisting of a three-year undergraduate and a three-year master's program. The undergraduate phase is usually almost exclusively preclinical while the master will include internships, skills training and refresher courses, as well as research internships. "Master" is awarded a M.D.
Nigeria
The apprenticeship (Housemanship) is a one-year period in most hospitals in Nigeria. Following an internship program conducted under the supervision of qualified licensed physicians; every home worker is now required to undertake a one-year mandatory program at NYSC (National Youth Service Corp.) where posted. During this period, temporary licenses must be issued to the home attendants by Nigerian Medical & amp; Dental Board so they can practice, while with little or no supervision. The residency program is available to any medical doctor who wishes to continue their medical careers.
Peru
In Peru, the medical intern is the seventh medical student who must complete specialization in internal medicine, obstetrics and gynecology, surgery and pediatrics. In some universities, mental health is also included in the 7th year curriculum. In some hospitals this period is paid. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia has internship and externship. Where the latter acts as an apprentice of the former, so that medical students have two years of medical practice.
Slovenia
In Slovenia, medical graduates (after 6 years medical school) must complete a six-month paid internship at selected medical institutions. During their internship they have to rotate through the internal medical department, surgery, pediatrics, OB/GYN, ENT, ophthalmology, emergency medicine and anesthesia, with emphasis placed on emergencies in each department. Completed an internship is a requirement to take a professional medical exam, graduate who grants a doctor's license for medical practice in Slovenia and apply for specialization.
South Africa
An Internship is a recently compulsory (mandatory) mandatory requirement of doctors enrolled in the HPCSA working in a designated hospital under medical supervision for two years. They may work independently in this context in certain medical disciplines and for the period of time prescribed by HPCSA. They are employed by agencies and this option is generally only available for South Africa. Foreign qualified doctors who have recently qualified and have no medical experience required to register with HPCSA may be required by HPCSA to conduct their internship to qualify for full enrollment. They can do this in their country or in South Africa.
In South Africa, an elective for medical students is where a student arranges to visit the hospital for a short time (3-6 months) of time to gain experience in a different medical context, where they will working under supervision and guided by experienced doctors. This is primarily a learning experience, they can not work independently and are required to enroll with HPCSA if they are foreign students.
Swedish
Swedish equivalent of an internship is allmÃÆ'¤ntjÃÆ'¤nstgÃÆ'¶ring ("common practice"), which is a requirement to obtain a medical license. Duration is expressed at least 18 months, but usually lasts a little longer, 21 months in most cases. Students must meet at least 9 months of practice in medicine and surgery (at least 3 months each, but mostly 6 6 months), 3 months of psychiatry and 6 months as general practitioners. After allmÃÆ'¤ntjÃÆ'¤nstgÃÆ'¶ring , students must complete a test from the National Health and Welfare Council ("Socialstyrelsen"), to receive their medical license. Then follow the specialization practice ("specialisttjÃÆ'¤nstgÃÆ'¶ring"), which is equivalent to residency.
United Kingdom
The British equivalent of an internship is the Doctor of the Year 1 Foundation (F1, FY1), which is in the first year of their two-year Foundation Program, and has a temporary registration with the General Medical Council. Prior to the introduction of the Foundation's Program in 2005, the same post was called "House Officers" (also known as 'Junior Home Officers' and last Pre-Registration of Home Officers or PRHO). Despite technical obsolescence, the term "House Officer" is still used by many doctors. (The term "Senior House Officer" or SHO is still used to refer to the level of physician who may include those who are in the second year of the Foundation Program, and those who have started specialized training programs). The Foundation program is a 2 year training period in which competencies are developed and documented.
United States
Medical interns usually last for one year (loose term) and usually begin on 1 July. Internships come in two variations: transition and special paths. After the doctor completes his internship and Step 3 of USMLE or Level 3 of COMLEX-USA, they can practice as a GP. However, the majority of doctors complete a special medical track residency for two to seven years, depending on the specialization. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Doctor Education (ACGME) officially dropped the term "apprenticeship" in 1975, instead referring to individuals in their first year of post-graduate medical education as "residents."
Venezuela
In Venezuela there are two types of medical internships. One of them is a two-year post-graduate apprenticeship and the other is a one-year mandatory pre-graduation apprenticeship.
- Postgraduate internship: Whether an elective two-year apprenticeship program is conducted in hospital type III or IV. Required to obtain a medical license (another option is a year of rural arrangement work). Apprentices must complete for four months each specializing in internal medicine, midwifery, surgical block (general surgery and orthopedic surgery) and pediatrics. There are also six months in the clinic setting clinic.
- Undergraduate graduation: In Venezuela there are two different types of medical studies that have a medical degree. The program performs for the "MÃÆ' Â © dico cirujano" level during the last year or one and a half years, depending on the university program, has a mandatory internship program under the supervision of qualified licensed physicians in type III or IV hospitals. During this time, students will undergo basic hospital work. Internships must complete for eight weeks each specializing in internal medicine, obstetrics and gynecology, general surgery, orthopedic and pediatric surgery. There are also eight weeks of excess done in rural outpatient clinics.
In popular culture
- Character Kildare, originally created by author Max Brand in the 1930s and appeared over the next five decades in various novels and films, radio series, comic strips and two television series, was originally presented as a new apprentice starting his medical career in a large urban hospital. In the next installment of the franchise, he completed his internship and became a resident doctor.
- Richard Frede's best-selling novel The Interns (1960) tells the stories of a large class intern who works in a large city hospital. This book is the basis for the film The Interns (1962), which spawned the sequel, The New Interns (1964), and the 1970-1971 American TV series, The Interns .
- In the first three seasons of the popular television drama, Gray's Anatomy, five main characters, Meredith Gray, Cristina Yang, Isobel Stevens, Alex Karev, and George O'Malley were surgeons at Grace Seattle Hospital fiction, where the series takes place. Also at Seasons 4 and 5, George O'Malley and Lexie Gray are Trainees.
- In the first season Scrubs , J.D. and Elliot is a medical surgeon, and Turk and Todd are surgeons.
- In Holby City , Tom O'Dowd is a House Officer and Maddy Young, a Senior House Officer, trains to be an equal Registrar or Resident.
- In the Indian drama Dill Mill Gaye , all the main characters are apprentices at Sanjeevani Hospital in Mumbai.
- In the popular Korean medical drama Golden Time (TV series) , two main characters, Kang Jae-in and Lee Min-woo, apprenticeship at the hospital in Haeundae, Busan.
- In the House of God book, the protagonist of Roy Basch is an apprentice working in a fictitious House of God hospital.
- In Japanese tokusatsu series "Kamen Rider Ex-Aid", protagonist Emu Hojo is a doctor who works at Seito University Hospital.
References
External links
- cs.man.ac.uk - 'A Doctor's Life: A personal (and possibly biased) guide on how doctors in the UK are trained and working in the National Health Service structure (last updated February 2002)
- UK Foundation School Chooser
- rookiedoctor.com - useful for new apprentices, but also includes tips for family and interns and what they can expect.
- universitekongo.org and & amp; Dr. Mbuilu P.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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