Golf Disk (also called Frisbee Golf or sometimes Frolf ) is a flying ball sport where players throw discs on targets; it is played using rules similar to golf. These are often played on the road 9 or 18 holes. The player completes the hole by throwing the disk from the tee area toward the target, throwing it again from the disc landing position until the target is reached. Typically, the number of throws a player uses to reach each target is calculated (often in relation to par), and the player attempts to complete each hole, and the course, in the lowest number of total throws.
The game is played in around 40 countries and according to study 2017 there are about 44,000 active PDGA members worldwide.
Video Disc golf
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Disc golf was first discovered in the early 1900s. The first match was held in Bladworth, Saskatchewan, Canada in 1926. Ronald Gibson and a group of Bladworth Primary School friends played a game throwing lead lids into a 4-foot circle drawn on sand patches in their schoolyard. They call the game Tin Lid Golf and play regularly. However, once they grow up and part, the game ends. New in the 1970s golf discs will be reintroduced to Canada at the Canadian Open Frisbee Championships in Toronto.
Modern golf discs began in the early 1960s, but there was a debate about who came up with the first idea. The consensus was that many groups of people played independently throughout the 1960s. Students at Rice University in Houston, Texas, for example, held a tournament with trees as targets as early as 1964, and in the early 1960s, players at Pendleton King Park in Augusta, Georgia would throw Frisbees into a 50-gallon barrel bin designated as a target. In 1968 Frisbee Golf was also played at Alameda Park in Santa Barbara, Ca. by teens in Anacapa and Sola street areas. Gazebos, fountains, lamp posts, and trees are part of the course. This went on for several years and the discs of the Alameda Garden gathering edition still existed, albeit rarely, as few were made. Clifford Towne from this group went on to hold the Aloft National Time record.
Initial pioneering sports
The two initial coordinators of the sport are George Sappenfield and Kevin Donnelly, who, through the same background and help Ed Headrick at Wham-O, are able to spread the sport individually in their California cities. Donnelly began playing in the form of a Frisbee golf in 1959 named Street Frisbee Golf. In 1961, when a recreational leader and then recreational watchdog for the City of Newport Beach, California, he formulated and then began arranging a Frisbee golf tournament in the nine parks he was watching. It peaked in 1965 with a fully sponsored Frisbee golf tournament, spearheaded by "Steady" Ed Headrick in Wham-O. This highly publicized tournament includes hula hoops as holes, with published rules, hole lengths, pars, and gifts; an event in which Walter Frederick Morrison, the inventor of Pluto Plato and the inventor of Frisbee "Steady" 'Ed Headrick, is present. In 1965, Sappenfield was a recreational counselor during a summer vacation from college where, he arranged object courses for his children to play. When he finished college in 1968, Sappenfield became the Park and Recreation supervisor for the Conejo Recreation and Park District in Thousand Oaks, California. Sappenfield plans a golf disc tournament as part of a leisure project and contact Wham-O Manufacturing to have them help with the event. Wham-O provides Frisbees for throwing, and a hula hoop to use as a target. Prior to 1973 and the discovery of a golf disc target called a polar disk hole, there were only a few objects of disc golf objects in the US and Canada. Although he has never heard of the International Frisbee Association (IFA) that Ed Headrick and Wham-O have united, or have seen copies of the IFA Bulletin, Jim Palmeri, his brother, and a small group of people from Rochester, NY have played golf discs as a competitive sport regularly since August 1970, including weekly tournaments and leagues. In 1973, they have even promoted two City of Rochester Disc Frisbee Championship events featuring golf discs as the main event. In Canada, beginning in 1970, newly arrived Americans Ken Westerfield and Jim Kenner play Frisbee golf daily on the 18 hole course course they design at Queen's Park in downtown Toronto. In California, the Berkeley Frisbee Group established a standard 18-hole object program on the Berkeley campus in 1970. The University of Michigan Nichols Arboretum, Ann Arbor has the object of a Frisbee golf course designed in the early 1970s. Wham-O's $ 50,000 Disc Golf Tournament is a significant turning point for golf discs. Held in Huntington Beach, California. This tournament is a breakthrough, first and foremost because of the cash involved, massive payouts right in the title, but also because competitors have to qualify for an invitation. 72 qualifying events are established across the country, bringing the best disc golfers from across the United States.
Making modern games
"Steady Ed" Headrick and Dave Dunipace are two inventors and players who greatly influence how golf discs are played. In 1976, Headrick inaugurated the rules of the sport, established the Disc Golf Association (DGA), the Professional Disc Golf Association (PDGA), the Recreational Disc Golf Association (RDGA) and created the first formal golf disk target with chains and baskets. Dave Dunipace invented the modern golf discs in 1983, with revolutionary changes by adding beveled edges, providing better spacing and accuracy. Dave is one of the founders of Innova, a famous disc manufacturer. In 1982 Ed Headrick handed the PDGA control to the players and Ted Smethers to run independently and to formalize the standard rules for the sport.
"Steady Ed" Headrick started thinking about the sport during his time at Wham-O Toys where he designed and patented the modern Frisbee. Headrick designed and installed the first standard target course in what came to be known as Oak Grove Park in La CaÃÆ'Â ± there Flintridge, California. (Today this park is known as Hahamongna Watershed Park). Ed works for Wham-O Corporation based in San Gabriel, California and is credited for pioneering the modern era of sports disks. Ed established "The International Frisbee Association (IFA)" and began setting competitive standards for various sports using Frisbee such as Distance, MTA, TRC, Accuracy, Freestyle, and Guts.
Headrick created and trademarked the term "Disc Golf" while formalizing the sport and patented Disc Pole Hole, the first golf disk target to combine chain and basket on pole. He started designing targets because he was tired of arguing about what counted as scoring disks with his friends. He founded the Professional Disk Golf Association (PDGA) and the Recreation Disc Golf Association (RDGA) to play competitively and family-oriented, respectively, and work on standardizing rules and equipment for the growing sport. Headrick abandoned his trademark on the term "Disc Golf", and handed control and administration of the PDGA to a growing body of golf disc players to focus on his passion for building and creating sports equipment.
Maps Disc golf
Disc golf course
Disc golf courses typically have nine or 18 holes, and exceptions usually have holes in triples of three. The holes are designed to require a variety of different throws to challenge players with different strengths or specific skills. According to DGA, the average hole should be around 200-270 feet (61-73 m) per hole. Course designers use trees, shrubs, elevation changes, water hazards, and distance variations, along with zones beyond the boundaries and mandatory flight paths, to make each hole challenging and unique. Many courses include multiple tee positions or multiple target positions to serve players with different levels of ability.
Disc golf courses are usually built in a more natural and less well-preserved environment than golf and require much less maintenance. Professional course designers consider safety as an important factor in course design, and be careful to minimize the danger of being hit by flying discs. Many courses are a central organizing point for local disc golf clubs, and some include stores that sell disc golf equipment. Over 80% of courses listed on dgcoursereview.com are listed as public and free to play.
Tees
The position of a golf tee disk is usually a concrete bearing, asphalt, rubber, gravel, or synthetic turf. The PDGA recommends that they are no smaller than 1.2 meters as wide as 3 meters. Many courses have only the front of a tee position marked with a wooden board on the ground. Some courses do not have tee at all.
Alerts
The established course has a tee mark near each tee position, showing a simple map of the hole, the distance to the hole, par, the out-of-bounds area, the mandatory path, and the unique name for the hole. They are often equipped with a larger sign near the entrance of the course that has course maps and other information.
Target
Although the initial courses are played using trees, fence posts, or garden tools as targets, modern courses typically use standard tone targets or standard golf cart baskets. Tone targets are designed to make a distinctive sound when being hit with discs. Cart is now much more common, built with a central pole holding a basket under a collection of hanging chains. The disks often hit the chain, but not always, deflected into the basket. The disc should land in a basket or on a chain to count the hole as done. There are many brands of baskets made by many manufacturers.
Play game
The golf disc sport is arranged similar to a golf game. A "round" is played on a disc golf course consisting of a number of "holes", usually 9 or 18. Each hole includes a tee position to start playing and a slightly deep disc golf target, often with obstacles such as trees, hills or water bodies in between. The player starts by throwing the disc off the tee, and navigating the hole by taking the disc where it lands and throws again until they reach the target. The purpose of the game is to skip the course with the lowest total throw count. Playing is usually in groups of five or less, with each player taking a turn at the tee box, then advancing with the player furthest from the first throwing hole, while the other player is standing on the side.
Each course is unique, so each course requires a different combination of tosses to complete, with the best players aiming to form flights from discs to calculate distance, terrain, obstacles and weather. To facilitate the creation of different images, players carry different discs with different flight characteristics, selecting the appropriate discs for each throw. Some players also carry a mini marker disc, which is used to accurately mark the position of the throw before each throw. The use of mini-marking discs is very prevalent in formal competitive games.
Many courses cover areas beyond the bounds, commonly called "OB zones" or simply "OB". If the discs land in this area, players are usually asked to add a penalty throw to their score and continue to play closely where the disc enters the zone beyond the border. Some programs include areas outside the boundary with special rules that require players to resume play from certain areas called degradation zones, or require players to restart holes from the tees. Some courses also include Mandatories (also called "Mandos") which require the disk path to be above, below or to one side of a particular line indicated by a sign.
Traditionally, players tossed from the tee box in the order of their scores in the previous hole, with the lowest scoring throw first. Most players also follow the code of courtesy while playing, which includes such norms as standing outside the thrower's line of sight and avoiding making a disturbing sound. Because the disc is thrown can hurt someone, the Professional Disc Golf Association recommends that players "Do not throw to the blind area or when the audience, walkers or facility users are within reach."
The formal competitive match is governed by the Official Rules of the PDGA Golf Disc and the PDGA Competition Guide for Disc Golf events.
Disk Type
The golf discs used today are much smaller and heavier than traditional flying discs, typically 8-9 inches (20-23 cm) in diameter and weighing between 120 and 180 grams. The PDGA prohibits discs weighing more than 200 grams. Discs used for golf discs are designed and shaped for control, speed, and accuracy, while general purpose flying discs, such as those used to play guts or, most recently, have a more traditional shape, similar to a capture disc. There are different kinds of discs used in golf disks and are generally divided into three categories: putter, mid-range versatile discs, and drivers.
Putter
Putters are similar to discs used in simple catch games, such as Wham-o brand Frisbee. They are designed to fly straight, predictable, and very slow compared to mid-range discs and drivers. They are usually used for tight and controlled shots close to the basket, although some players use them for short drives where trees or other obstacles come into play. Usually a pro takes 1-7 putter depending on the characteristics of their flight. As a beginner it is recommended that you only use putter or mid-range.
Mid-range
Mid-range disks have slightly sharper edges that allow them to cut air better. This disk is usually faster, more stable, and has a longer range than a putter. Some beginner players will use mid-range as drivers because it is recommended that new players stay away from high-speed drivers to help them advance faster. They are a nice all-round disc and are perfect for first-time or most advanced players.
Driver
Drivers are usually recognized by sharp, beveled edges and most of their mass is concentrated on the outer edge of the disk rather than distributed evenly throughout. They are designed to travel longer distances at higher speeds and are mostly used for tee-offs and other long-distance throws. Drivers are often divided into different categories. For example, Innova Disc divides their discs into Distance Drivers and Fairway Drivers, with fairway drivers located somewhere between the distance drivers and mid-range disks. Discraft divides their drivers into 3 categories: Driver Length, Extra Long Drivers, and Maximum Driver. Because disk physics requires a "snap" or "flick", which means placing a spin on the disk, new players generally find that throwing accurate distance drivers can be rather difficult and will require experience with golf disc responses. This is why it is better for players to get started with fairway drivers, long drivers, or even mid-range, and incorporate maximum distance drivers as their power and disk controls increase. Most of the starting players will likely toss the lighter discs. Another type of driver, which is rarely used, is a roller. As the name implies, it has edges designed to curl rather than fly.
Stability
Stability is a lateral measure of the tendency of the disk to bank during its flight. Discs that are too stable will tend to go to the left (for right-handed backhand throws), while less stable disks tend to point to the right (also for right-handed backhand throws). The disc-stability rating varies depending on the disk manufacturer. Innova Discs assess stability as "turn" and "fade". "Change" the reference to how the disk will fly at high speed during the start and center of its flight, and is ranked on a scale of 1 to -5, where 1 is the most exceeded and -5 is the most easily understood. "Fade" references how discs will fly at lower speeds towards the end of the flight, and are rated on a scale of 0 to 5, where 0 has the most faded, and 5 has the most faded. For example, a disc with a turn of -5 and a fade of 1 will fly to the right for (right hand, backhand throw) most of its flight then curved back at least at the end. The disc with the turn -1 and fade 3 will turn slightly right during the middle of the flight and turn to the left hard as it slows down. This rating can be found on the disc itself or from the manufacturer's website. The graft prints a stability rating on all discs and also provides this information on their website. Stability ranges from 3 to -2 for Discs; But the Discraft rating is more a combination of bends and fades with faded dominance.
Spin (rotation) has little effect on lift and drag but affects disk stability during flight. Imagine a rotating peak. A gentle jolt will knock it off the rotation shaft for a second, but it will not collapse as the spin adds to the gyroscopic stability. In the same way, a flying disk holds the roll (inverted) because the spin adds to the gyroscopic stability. A flying disc will maintain its rotational speed even when it loses speed. Towards the end of the flight disc, when the spin and speed line cross, the flying discs will be predictably begin to fade. The extent to which the disk will fade depends on the angle of the slope and the design.
Plastic
There are different types of discs, each with a special plastic made with them. Plastics such as DX, J-Pro, Pro-D, X-Line, D-line, retro, and R-Pro from Innova discs, latitude 64, diskmania and Graft are some less durable plastics, but good for beginners because the price is cheaper, compared to the top grade plastic. Plastics such as Champion, Titanium, FLX, GStar, Gold Line, Plastic Tournament, Fuzion and Star plastics, which are the best offer from the same company, offer the best quality, durability and flight compared to other types available. There are also plastics that provide additional functionality, specifically glowing in dark plastic and plastic that allows the dish to float. Most companies also offer plastic lines that are much lighter than the maximum throwing weight (usually filled with air bubbles) that is conducive for beginners or players with fewer arm velocities.
Throw style
Although there are many different grips and styles for throwing discs, there are two basic throwing techniques: backhand and forehand (or sidearm). These techniques vary in effectiveness in different situations. Their understanding and mastery can greatly improve player play, and offer a variety of options in disk maneuvering to baskets with greater effectiveness. Many players use what's called run-up during their drive. This is practiced to build more momentum and the range of motion of the discs. The throwing style varies from player to player, and there is no standard throwing style.
All discs when thrown will naturally fall in a certain direction, this direction is called Hyzer , the natural fall of the disk, or Anhyzer , causing the disc to fall on its natural flight. pattern. For a right-handed backhand throw (RHBH), the disc will naturally fall to the left. For a right-handed forehand toss (RHFH), the disc will naturally fall to the right. For a left-handed backhand throw (LHBH), the disc will naturally fall to the right. For a left-handed forehand toss, (LHFH), the disc will naturally fall to the left.
Backhand
To perform this throw, the disc is quickly taken from all the front of the body, and released toward the front. Because of the potential snap available with this technique, one can expect a greater distance than with a forehand toss. It is important to start the momentum of the feet and let it travel over the body, hips and shoulders, culminating in the transfer of energy to the disk.
Forehand
The forehand (sidearm) throw is done by drawing discs from the back and partly on the front of the body: similar to the throw of his weapon in baseball. The term sidearm actually precedes the term forehand , which seems to be used today as a simpler way of communicating techniques, equating to a tennis forehand.
Alternate throws
Examples of the following throws can be used to provide better disks where the former two regular throws will be blocked by obstacles such as bushes, trees, rocks, or artificial structures.
Common alternative style
- The Hatchet (or Tomahawk). Gripped like a sidearm throw but thrown overhand; the disk orientation is almost perpendicular to the ground in most of the flights.
- The Thumber (or U.D.). Thrown by way of overhand but with the thumb held at the bottom of the dish.
- Roll . Thrown either backhand or forehand, the discs will be dominated in contact with the ground. The disc keeps moving as it runs on its edge with a slight incline, and can travel far in the ideal situation. Once perfected, the roller is a very versatile tool in the golfer's warehouse.
- The Turbo-Putt Thrown with the putter when the player holds the disc upright, supported in the middle with the thumb, with the fingertips outside the edge, somewhat like a waiter holding the plate. Players stand with opposing legs from throwing arms forward, reaching backwards, and then extending their hands toward the basket, throwing discs in a movement similar to throwing arrows. Ideally the thrower does not rotate his wrist; the following action will give the disc rotating. Turbo-Putt is a throw which is known for its accuracy, but has a very limited range.
Another alternative style
- Baseball or Grenade . Thrown like on a backhand, but with a reverse disc. These shots are often used to rise and fall on short shots where there is danger of a shot rolling over or out of bounds if thrown too far. Mainly used on downward shooting but can be used for up and down. Also because of the quick turnaround and backspin of this shot, it is sometimes used to get out of the forest.
- The Overhand wristflip (or chicken wing [unclear origin]). This is a very tough and stylish throw with the accomplished free players and familiar classical players; it is less used in golf disc. It is thrown in the same way as "baseball" but is drawn on the side of the body, and by flipping the arms and discs. Using the thumb as a power finger, the disc is pulled from the thigh area to the back and up from the back of the body to the top of the shoulder, releasing forward. The disk flies in a conventional flight pattern. For untrained eyes, this looks like an inappropriate throw. Nevertheless, it is elegant and accurate. The term "overhand wristflip" has been used since at least around 1970.
Scoring
Stroke Play is the most common appraisal method used in sports but there are many other forms. These include match games, leather, golf speed and captain options, which in a golf disc are referred to as "doubles" (not to be confused with a partner or team playing).
Regardless of what game the participant chooses, the main goal of the golf disk is conceptually similar to that of traditional golf in the sense that players follow the same scoring technique.
Scoring terms for one hole:
- Condor - Where the four players are throwing below par, or "-4".
- Albatross (or double-eagle) - Where the three players are throwing below par, or "-3".
- Eagle (or double-birdie) - Where players have two throws below par, or "-2".
- Birdie - Where a player performs a below-par throw, or "-1".
- Par - Where a player has a par, or "0".
- Bogey - Where a player throws a par, or "1".
- Double Bogey - Where a player performs two throws above the par, or "2".
- Triple Bogey - Where three-player throws are above par, or "3".
Double game is a unique game style that many local courses offer every week. In this format, teams of two golfers are determined. Sometimes this is done by random lottery, and other times it is a pro-am format. In the field, this is a "best-disc" battle, which means both players throw a tee shot; and then decide which lies they want to play. Both players then play from the same lie, again choosing which lie is better. The World Amateur Doubles Formats include best shots, alternative shots, best scores (the player plays singles and takes the best results from the hole) and the worst blow (both players have to sink the putt).
Tournament
The tournament is held nationally and throughout the year in the United States. The Sanctions Tournament Game is communicated through the Professional Golf Association Disc Association. The PDGA provides international, professional, and amateur golf disc tournaments and communicates the results of events, opinions and other information useful for sports through electronic and print media. In 1982, the PDGA hosted the first World Championship Tournament. Since then, the World Championships have been held in 17 different American countries, as well as Toronto, Ontario.
The Disc golf game is very popular all over the world. Like traditional golf, there are many championship tournaments. One of the biggest is the United States Disc Golf Championship.
Every year, the world's largest team tournament is held in Austin, Texas, by John Houck.
To prove the sustainability of the sport throughout the year, the annual winter tournament known as the Ice Bowl is held in various courses around the world. Using the motto "No Wimps, No Whiners", the Ice Bowl is collectively designed to create sports awareness, and is considered a charity event that usually benefits local food banks for given tournament locations. The official Web site reports that Es Bowl 2010 raised more than $ 250,000 and donated more than 67,000 pounds of food in 222 tournaments for this year. [2]
Popularity
Disc golf is a rapidly growing sport worldwide, and is the fourth fastest growing sport in the United States, behind MMA, Roller Derby, and Parkour. DGCourseReview.com, which tracks courses around the world along with opening dates, shows a rapid increase in permanent programs installed with an average of over 400 new courses added annually between 2007 and 2017. The site lists 6800 programs worldwide (on May 2017).
Although most players play at amateur and casual levels, the world of professional golf disc is also growing rapidly, with top professionals playing full-time and earning their lives through tournament and sponsorship victories from equipment manufacturers. Online tournament broadcasts and big events have improved considerably, with coverage of multiple tournaments by 2016 reaching over 75,000 impressions on YouTube. and a clip that focuses on one throw by a professional Philo Braithwaite that reaches over 1.1 million views.
Female in golf disc
Although there are more male players than women, the Women's Disc Golf Association exists to encourage female players and organize women's tournaments. A PDGA survey stated that of 35,662 active members by 2016, 7.6% were female, or about 2,728.
Some companies have started programs and websites to help attract women to the sporting world. Women's PDGA Committee "Dedicated to Attract, Encourage, and Maintain Women's Participation in Organized Disc Golf Event". The PDGA Women's Committee made a historical record on May 12, 2012 by running a Women's Mating Global Event that attracts 636 female players in 24 states and 4 countries. The Women's Global Event is expected to take place every two years from 2014, in the hope of increasing the number of participants.
There is also a Disc golf company like Disc-Diva, which has started with the main focus, though not exclusively, focuses on women in sports, promotes accessories aimed at women and uses catch phrases like "You want you toss like a girl". Sassy Pants is another group focused on getting more involvement from women in sports, advocating for women sponsorship to enter the tournament.
The women's disc disc team is involved in the National Disc Golf Championship, and Mississippi State Women's Team is the first winner.
Golf hall disc of fame
Inductees:
- 1993 Vanessa Chambers | Dave Dunipace | Ed Headrick | Tom Monroe | Jim Palmeri | Dan Roddick | Ted Smethers
- 1994 Harold Duvall | Nobuya Kobayashi | Darrell Lynn | Dan Mangone | Doug Newland | Snapper Pierson | Lavone Wolfe
- 1995 Ken Climo | John David | David Greenwell | Johnny Roberts | Dr Rick Voakes
- 1996 Mike Conger | Patti Kunkle | Rick Rothstein
- 1997 Steve Slasor | Elaine King | Jim Kenner
- 1998 Gregg Hosfeld | John Houck | Carlton Howard
- 1999 Sam Ferrans | Steve Wisecup | Tim Selinske
- 2000 Tom Schot | Royce Racinowski
- 2001 Stan McDaniel | Johnny Sias
- 2002 Alan Beaver | Gary Lewis
- 2003 Mark Horn | Brian Hoeniger | Stancil Johnson,
- 2004 Derek Robins | Geoff Lissaman | Johnny Lissaman | Marty Hapner
- 2005 Mats Bengtsson | Sylvia Voakes
- 2006 Chuck Kennedy | Kozo Shimbo
- 2007 Fred Salaz | Michael Travers
- 2008 Dan Ginnelly | Juliana Korver
- 2009 Crazy John Brooks | Lynne Warren | Michael Sullivan
- 2010 Charlie Callahan | Tomas Ekstrom | Brian Cummings
- 2011 Don Hoffman | Joe Feidt | Brent Hambrick
- 2012 Tim Willis | Jeff Homburg | Bob Gentil (Selandia Baru)
- 2013 Barry Schultz | Becky Zallek | Jim Challas | Ken Westerfield
- 2014 Don Wilchek | Jim Oates
- 2015 Gail McColl | Anni Kreml | J Gary Dropcho
- 2016 Joseph Mela | Ace Mason | Tita Ugalde
- 2017 Cynthia Pfaff | Kathrine Lane | Tia MacDonald
Lihat juga
- Game cakram terbang
- Teknik terbang terbang
- Frisbee
- Golf
Tautan eksternal
- Professional Disc Golf Association (PDGA) - peraturan resmi, direktori mata kuliah dan daftar anggota
- Sejarah Olahraga Frisbee Awal
- Sejarah Golf Disc, Perintis Ultimate dan Frisbee
Referensi
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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