A blood test is a laboratory analysis performed on blood samples usually taken from a vein in the arm using a hypodermic needle, or through a fingerprick. Some tests for specific blood components, such as glucose or cholesterol tests, are often grouped together into a test panel called blood panel or blood work . Blood tests are often used in health care to define physiological and biochemical states, such as disease, mineral content, effectiveness of pharmaceutical drugs, and organ function. Typical clinical blood panel includes basic metabolic panel or full blood count. Blood tests are also used in drug tests to detect drug abuse. In some United States, blood tests are required before marriage.
Video Blood test
Extraction
Venipuncture is useful because it is a minimally invasive way to get extracellular cells and fluids (plasma) from the body for analysis. Blood flow throughout the body, acts as a medium that provides oxygen and nutrients to the tissues and brings waste products back to the sewage system for disposal. As a result, the state of blood flow affects, or is affected by, many medical conditions. For this reason, blood testing is the most common medical test.
If only a few drops of blood are required, the palms of the hands are done instead of taking blood from the blood vessels.
Phlebotomists, laboratory practitioners and nurses are those who are charged with patient blood extraction. However, in special circumstances, and emergency situations, paramedics and doctors sometimes take blood. In addition, respiratory therapists are trained to extract arterial blood to examine arterial blood gases.
Maps Blood test
Test type
Biochemical Analysis
The basic metabolic panel measures sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), magnesium, creatinine, glucose, and sometimes calcium. Tests that focus on cholesterol levels can determine levels of LDL and HDL cholesterol, as well as triglyceride levels.
Some tests, such as tests that measure glucose or lipid profiles, require fasting (or no food consumption) eight to twelve hours before blood sampling.
For most tests, blood is usually obtained from the patient's veins. Other special tests, such as arterial blood gas testing, require blood extracted from the arteries. Arterial blood gas blood analysis is mainly used to monitor carbon dioxide and oxygen levels associated with lung function, but is also used to measure blood pH and bicarbonate levels for certain metabolic conditions.
While regular glucose tests are taken at some point in time, the glucose tolerance test involves retesting to determine the rate at which glucose is processed by the body.
Normal range
Blood test results should always be interpreted using the range provided by the laboratory that performs the tests. The sample range is shown below.
Common abbreviations
After completing the blood test analysis, the patient can receive a report with a blood test abbreviation. Examples of common blood test abbreviations are shown below.
Molecular Profile
- Protein electrophoresis (common technique - not a specific test)
- Western blot (general technique - not a specific test)
- Liver function test
- Polymerase chain reaction (DNA). Making current DNA profiles is possible with very little blood: it is commonly used in forensic science, but it is now part of the diagnostic process of many disorders.
- Northern blot (RNA)
- Sexually transmitted diseases
Mobile evaluation
- Total blood count (or "full blood count")
- Hematocrit
- MCV ("mean corpuscular volume")
- Means the concentration of corpuscular hemoglobin (MCHC)
- Blood level (LED) level
- Cross matching. Blood type determination for blood transfusion or transplantation
- Blood cultures are generally taken if infection is suspected. Positive cultures and the resulting sensitivity results are often useful in guiding medical care.
Alternate future
Saliva test
In 2008, scientists announced that a more cost-effective saliva test could eventually replace some blood tests, since saliva contains 20% of the proteins found in the blood.
Microemulsions
In February 2011, Canadian researchers at the Calgary University Schulich Engineering School announced a microchip for blood tests. Emerged microemulsions, droplets of blood that are captured in layers of other substances. Can control the right droplet size and spacing. This new test can improve the efficiency, accuracy, and speed of laboratory tests while also doing it cheaply. Microchip costs $ 25, while the current robot dispenser is used to cost about $ 10,000.
SIMBAS
March 2011: A team of researchers from UC Berkeley, DCU and the University of ValparaÃÆ'so has developed a lab-on-a-chip that can diagnose the disease within 10 minutes without using external tubes and additional components. This is called Self-powered Integrated Microfluidic Blood Analysis System (SIMBAS). He used small trenches to separate the blood cells from the plasma (99 percent of the blood cells were captured during the experiment). Researchers use plastic components, to reduce production costs.
See also
- Biomarkers (drugs), proteins or other biomolecules measured in blood tests
- Blood film, a way of looking at blood cells under a microscope
- Lead blood
- Hematology, the study of blood
- Luminol, a visual test for blood remaining at the scene.
- Schumm test, a common test for blood mismatch
- Urinalysis, another style of fluid test
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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