Snowboarding is an Olympic and Paralympic recreational and sporting activity that involves down a snow-covered slope while standing on a snowboard attached to the rider's feet.
Snowboarding development inspired by skateboarding, sleigh ride, surfing and skiing. It was developed in the United States in 1960, became the Winter Olympic Sport at Nagano in 1998 and was first shown at the Winter Paralympics in Sochi in 2014. Its popularity (as measured by equipment sales) in the United States peaked in 2007 and have experienced a decline since then.
Video Snowboarding
Histori
Modern snowboarding began in 1965 when Sherman Poppen, an engineer at Muskegon, Michigan, created a toy for his daughter by tightening two ski boots together and attaching a rope at one end so that he would have control as they stood on the board and slid down the hill. Dubbed the "snurfer" by his wife, Nancy, the toy proved so popular among his girl friends that Poppen licensed the idea to the manufacturer, Brunswick Corporation, which sold about a million snurfers over the next decade. And, in 1966 alone more than half a million snurfers were sold.
In February 1968, Poppen hosted the first snurfing competition at a Michigan ski resort that attracted fans from all over the country. One of the earliest pioneers was Tom Sims, a skateboard worshiper (a sport born in the 1950s when children wheeled their wheels onto a small board they directed by shifting their weight). As an eighth grader in Haddonfield, New Jersey, in the 1960s, Sims made a snowboard in his school shop class by sticking the carpet to the top of a piece of wood and attaching the aluminum sheet down. He produced commercial skateboard in the mid 70s. Articles about his invention in mainstream magazines like Newsweek help publish young sports.
The pioneers are not all from the United States; in 1976, Welsh skateboard fans Jon Roberts and Pete Matthews developed their own skateboard for use on the local dry ski slopes.
Also during this same period, in 1977, Jake Burton Carpenter, a Vermont native who enjoyed snorkelling since the age of 14, made people impressed at the Michigan snurfing competition with the bindings he designed to secure his legs to the board. That same year, he founded Burton Snowboards in Londonderry, Vermont. The "snowboards" are made of flexible wooden boards and have a foot water ski trap. Very few people take snowboarding because board prices are considered too high at $ 38, but ultimately Burton will be the biggest snowboarding company in the business.
The first competition to offer prize money is the National Snurfing Championship, held at Muskegon State Park in Muskegon Michigan. In 1979, Jake Burton Carpenter, came from Vermont to compete with his own design snowboard. There was protest about Jake coming in with a non-snurfer board. Paul Graves, and others, suggested Jake be allowed to race. The "modified" "Open" division was created and won by Jake as the only entrant. The race is regarded as the first competition for the skateboard and is the beginning of what is now a competitive skate. Ken Kampenga, John Asmussen and Jim Trim placed 1, 2 and 3 respectively in the Standard competition with 2 best combinations of 24.71, 25.02 and 25.41 and Jake Carpenter won the prize money as the only participant in the " open "with a time of 26.35. In 1980, the event was moved to Pando Winter Sports Park near Grand Rapids, Michigan due to the lack of snow that year in its original place.
As snowboarding became more popular in the 1970s and 1980s, pioneers like Dimitrije Milovich (founder of Winterstick of Salt Lake City, UT), Jake Burton Carpenter (founder of Burton Snowboards of Londonderry, Vermont), Tom Sims (founder of Sims Snowboards ), and Mike Olson (founder of Gnu Snowboards) came up with new designs for boards and mechanisms that slowly evolved into snowboards and other related equipment that we know today.
In April 1981, the Snowboard competition "King of the Mountain" was held at Ski Ski area in Colorado. Tom Sims along with various other snowboard at the time was present. One participant appeared on a homemade skateboard with the underside of formica that did not slide well in the snow.
In 1982, the first US National Snowboard race was held near Woodstock, Vermont, at Suicide Six. The race, hosted by Graves, was won by Burton's first team rider, Doug Bouton.
In 1983, the first World Championship halfpipe competition was held in Soda Springs, California. Tom Sims, founder of Sims Snowboards, organized the event with the help of Mike Chantry, the snowboard instructor at Soda Springs.
In 1985, the first World Cup was held in ZÃÆ'¼rs, Austria, further strengthening the recognition of snowboarding as the official international competitive sport.
In 1990, the International Snowboard Federation (ISF) was established to provide universal contest rules. In addition, the United States Snowboard Association (USASA) provides guidance directions and runs a snowboarding competition in the US today, top skateboard events like Winter X Games, Water & amp; Style, US Open, Olympics and other events are broadcast all over the world. Many mountain resorts have terrain parks.
At the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan, Snowboarding became the official Olympic event. Karine Ruby of France was the first to win an Olympic gold medal for Women's Snowboarding at the 1998 Olympics, while Canadian Ross Rebagliati was the first to win an Olympic gold medal for Snowboarding Men.
Initially, the ski area adopted the sport at a much slower pace than the common winter sport. Indeed, for many years, there has been hostility between skiers and snowboarders, which led to ongoing skiers vs snowboarder infighting. Early snowboards were banned from the slopes by park attendants. For several years snowboarders should take a small skill judgment before being allowed to ride a chairlift. It is thought that an unskilled snowboard expert will wipe snow from the mountain. In 1985, only seven percent of US ski areas were allowed to do snowboarding, with the same proportion in Europe. When equipment and skills are improved, gradually snowboarding becomes more acceptable. In 1990, most ski areas had separate slopes for the snowboarders. Now, about 97% of all ski areas in North America and Europe allow snowboarding, and more than half have jumps, rails and half pipes.
An excellent year for snowboarding was 2004, with 6.6 million attendees. An industry spokeswoman said that "12-year-olds are adults driving cars." The same article says that most snowboarders are 18-24 years old and that women constitute 25% of participants.
There are 8.2 million snowboarders in the US and Canada for the 2009-2010 season. There was a 10% increase from the previous season, accounting for more than 30% of all snow sports participants.
On May 2, 2012, the International Paralympic Committee announced that adaptive snowboarding (dubbed "para-snowboarding") will debut as a men's and women's medal race event at the 2014 Paralympic Winter Games held in Sochi, Russia.
Maps Snowboarding
Styles
Since the beginning of snowboarding as an established winter sport, it has developed various styles, each with its own specialized equipment and techniques. The most common styles today are: freeride, freestyle, and freecarve/race. This style is used for recreational and professional snowboarding. While each style is unique, there is an overlap between them.
Jibbing
"Jibbing" is a technique riding on non-standard surfaces, which usually includes doing tricks. The word "jib" is a noun and a verb, depending on the use of the word. As a noun: a jib including metal rails, boxes, benches, concrete ledges, walls, vehicles, stones and wood. As a verb: for jib it refers to the action of jumping, sliding or rising above objects other than snow. This is directly influenced by skateboard milling. Jibbing is a freestyle snowboarding technique. Usually jibbing takes place in a snowboard resort park but can also be done in urban environments.
Freeriding
Freeriding communicates the concept of dynamically altering various styles of snowboarding in fluid motion, allowing for a spontaneous ride in rough natural terrain. See also snowboarding Backcountry.
Freestyle
Snowboarding freestyle is an equestrian activity that includes doing the trick. In the free style, motorists use natural and man-made features such as rails, jumps, boxes, and many others to do the trick. This is a popular all-inclusive concept that differentiates the creative aspects of snowboarding, in contrast to styles such as alpine snowboarding.
Alpine snowboarding
Alpine snowboarding is a discipline in snowboarding sports. It is practiced in manicured pistes. It has been an Olympic event since 1998.
Sometimes called freecarving, this happens in heavy snow or neat walking and focuses on engraving of related bends, such as surfing or longboarding. Little or no leaps occur in this discipline. Alpine Snowboarding consists of a small portion of the general snowboard population, which has a well-connected social community and its own specific board manufacturer. The Snowboard Alpine equipment is a boot hardshell like ski and plate binding system with true rigid, narrower directional snowboard to manage linking turns with greater force and speed. Shaped skiing can be grateful to this "freecarve" snowboard for cutting-edge technology that leads to its manufacture. A skilled alpine snowboard expert can connect many turns into a run that places his body very close to the ground every turn, similar to a motogp or waterki carve turn. Depending on factors including stiffness, turning radius and personality this can be done slowly or quickly. The sculptor makes a perfect semicircle of every turn, turning the sides when the snowboard is perpendicular to the line and starting every turn on the downhill. The carving on the skateboard is like a ride on a roller coaster, because the board will lock the radius round and give what feels like some G acceleration.
Alpine snowboarding shares more visual similarities with ski equipment compared to snowboarding equipment. Compared to freestyle snowboarding equipment:
- boards are narrower, longer, and more rigid for improved carving performance Shoes
- made of hard plastic shell
- bindings have a guarantee or step-in design and are sometimes placed on the suspension plate to provide an insulating layer between the alpine snowboarder and the board
Slopestyle
Competitors do the trick while down the lane, moving around, traversing, traversing, riding, or descending terrain features. The course is full of obstacles including boxes, rails, jumps, jibs (including anything that board or motorists can pass). The slope style contest consists of choosing your own line in a terrain park using various boxes, jibs, and jumps. To win a slope style contest, one must choose the best and hardest line in the terrain park and have a smooth line of tricks done on the obstacles. The overall impression is also a big factor in winning the slope style contest. Drivers who land the hardest tricks will not always win over riders who land an easier trick.
Big air
The big air competition is a contest in which riders do the trick after launching a jump made specifically for the event. Competitors perform tricks in the air, with the aim of reaching heights and considerable distances, while securing a clean landing. Many competitions also require the rider to perform complicated tricks. But not all competitions require tricks to win gold; some competitions are intermittently based only on the height and distance of the snowboarder launch. Some competitions also require the rider to do special tricks to win the grand prize. One of the first snowboarding competitions in which Travis Rice tried and landed a "double back flip backside 180" took place at the 2006 Red Bull Rift Assembly.
Half-pipe
Half the pipe is a semi-circular trench dug into a mountain or a specially made road made of snow, with walls between 8 and 23 feet (7.0 m). Competitors do the trick when going from one side to the other and while in the air above the sides of the pipe.
Boardercross
Boardercross, also known as "Boarder X" and "Snowboard X", is a very popular yet relatively new winter sport, starting in the 1980s and earning its place as the official sport of the Winter Olympics in the 2006 Turin game. In Boardercross, (usually 4 to 6) follow a path similar to a motocross motor path (with jumps, embankments and other obstacles built from snow in the descending lane). Unlike traditional head-to-head races, competitors use the same field, sometimes resulting in unintentional collisions.
Snowboard Racing
In a snowboard race, the rider must complete a downhill course constructed from a series of turning indicators (gates) placed in the snow at a specified distance apart. A gate consists of a tall pole, and a short pole, connected by a triangle panel. Racer must pass through the short side of the gate. There are 3 main formats used in snowboard racing including; one person, parallel course or several people in the course at the same time (SBX).
Competition
Some of the larger snowboarding contests include: Water & amp; Style, X-Trail Jam Japanese, Burton Global Open Series, Shakedown, FIS World Championships, FIS World Cup annual, Winter X Games, and Winter Dew Tour.
Snowboarding has been a sport of the Winter Olympics since the 1998 Winter Olympics. Events have changed over the years. During the 2018 Winter Olympics, the snowboarding event was a big air, halfpipe, parallel giant slalom, slopestyle, and snowboard cross.
Superpark event from Snowboarder Magazine was made in 1996. More than 150 world's top players are invited to advance freestyle snowboarding in the most progressive field park.
Part of the snowboarding approach is to ensure maximum fun, friendship, and event quality. Reflecting on this snowboarding perspective, you can find "Anti Contest" including an important part of its identity including The Holy Oly Revival at The Summit in Snoqualmie, The Nate Chute Hawaiian Classic in Whitefish, original anti-contest, World Quarterpipe Championships and Grenade Games.
The United States Snowboard Association (USASA) has three distinct divisions that include alpine, freestyle, and boardercross. Alpine consists of a giant slalom and a slalom which is a competition where agility and the ability to make sharp turns of snowboarders are tested. Freestyle consists of slopestyle and halfpipe. In boardercross, the idea is to be the first snowboarder down the mountain where everyone competes with each other through the harsh winding obstacles and potential wipeout is possible. USASA has 36 regional snowboard series where everyone can compete.
Subculture
The way of life snowboarding appears as a natural response to the culture from which it arises. Initially, there was a rebellion against the skiing culture and the view that the snowboarders were inferior. Skiers are not easy to accept this new culture on their slopes. The two cultures contrast in several ways including the way they speak, act, and all of their clothing styles. Snowboarders first embraced punk and then a hip-hop look into their style. Words such as "dude", "gnarly", and "Shred the Gnar" are some examples of words used in snowboarding culture. Snowboarding subcultures become the crossover between suburban and suburban styles in the snow, which makes an easy transition from surfing and skateboarding culture to snowboarding culture.
The early stereotypes of snowboarding include "lazy", "grungy", "punk", "stoners", "troublemakers", and many others, many associated with skateboarding and surfing as well. However, this stereotype can be considered "uncharacteristic". Snowboarding has become a sport that includes a multitude of international-based crowds and fanbase of millions, so much so that it is no longer possible to stereotype such a great community. The reasons for this dead stereotype include how mainstream and popular sports are, with a surprise factor from the quick jumps of snowboarding on the fading slopes. Skiers and snowboarders become accustomed to each other, showing more respect for each other on the mountain. "Typical sports stereotypes change with demographic changes".
Safety and precautions
Like other winter sports, snowboarding comes with a certain level of risk.
The rate of injury to snowboarding is about four to six per thousand people per day, which is about double the injury rate for alpine skiing. Injuries are more likely to occur among beginners, especially those who do not take lessons with professional instructors. A quarter of all injuries occur for first-time riders and half of all injuries occur in those less than one year of experience. Experienced riders tend not to get injured, but injuries that occur tend to be more severe.
Two thirds of injuries occur in the upper body and one third of the lower body. This contrasts with alpine skiing where two thirds of injuries are in the lower body. The most common type of injury is a sprain, which causes about 40% of injuries. The most common injury point is the wrist - 40% of all snowboard injuries are wrists and 24% of all sled injuries are wrist fractures. There are about 100,000 wrist fractures worldwide among the snowboarders every year. For this reason, the use of wrist protectors, whether separated or built into a glove, is highly recommended. They are often mandatory in beginner classes and their use reduces the chances of a wrist injury by half. It is also important for the inhabitants of snow to learn how to fall without stopping the falls with their hands by trying to "push" the slopes away, as the wristed landing that is bent at a 90 degree angle increases the chances of a fracture. Instead, landing with arms outstretched (like wings) and slapping the slope with the whole arm is an effective way to break down the fall. This is a method used by judo practitioners and other martial arts to break the fall when they are thrown to the floor by the training partner.
The risk of head injury is two to six times greater for snowboarders than for skiers and injuries following a more rare, but more severe pattern, with experienced riders. Head injury can occur both as a consequence of a collision and when it fails to initiate a heel shift. The latter can cause a landing landing on his back and slam the back of his head to the ground, resulting in an occipital head injury. For this reason, helmets are widely recommended. Protective goggles are also recommended because eye injuries can be caused by clashes and snow blindness can be caused by strong ultra-violet exposure in snow-covered areas. The use of ultra-violet absorbing glasses is recommended even on days of blur or cloudy because ultra-violet light can penetrate clouds.
Unlike ski bindings, snowboard bindings are not designed to be released automatically when crashed. The mechanical support provided by the foot locked on the board has the effect of reducing the likelihood of a knee injury - 15% of skate injuries are on the knee, compared to 45% of all ski injuries. Such injuries usually occur in knee ligaments, bone fractures are rare. Fractures in the lower legs are also rare, but 20% of injuries occur in the feet and ankles. Talus bone fractures are rare in other sports but account for 2% of sled injuries - a lateral fracture talus process is sometimes called an "ankle snowboarder" by medical staff. This particular injury causes persistent lateral pain to the affected ankle but is hard to find on a regular X-ray image. It may be misdiagnosed as just a sprain, with potentially serious consequences for not treating a broken bone can result in serious long-term damage to the ankle. The use of portable ultrasounds for mountain diagnostics has been reviewed and appears to be a sensible tool for diagnosing several common sports-related injuries.
Four to eight percent of snowboard injuries occur when the person is waiting on the ski-lift line or in and out of the ski lifts. Snowboarders push themselves forward with free feet while on the ski-lift lane, leaving the other foot (usually from the main foot) locked on the board at 9-27 degrees angle, placing a large torque force on this leg and predisposing a person with knee injury if dropped. The rotating snowboard spinning device is designed to minimize torque strength, Quick Stance became the first developed in 1995. They allow snowboarders to rotate the legs snugly straight toward the end of the snowboard without removing the boot from binding boot.
Avalanches are a clear danger when on the slopes of snowy mountains. It is best to learn the different types of landslides, how to prevent them from causing one and how to react when someone will happen. Also when going to the snow, all those practicing activities with an increased chance of injury should have basic First Aid knowledge and know how to deal with possible injuries.
Snowboarding boots should be fitted properly, with comfortable toes at the boot end when standing upright and slightly away from the tip when in snowboarding position. Padding or "armor" is recommended on other body parts such as hips, knees, spine, and shoulders. To further help avoid injury to the body part, especially the knee, it is recommended to use the correct technique. To obtain the right technique, one must be taught by a qualified instructor. Also, when snowboarding alone, precautions must be taken to avoid tree wells, very loose snow areas that may form at the base of the tree.
Some treatments are also needed when waxing boards as fluorocarbon wax emits toxic fumes when overheating. Waxing is best done in carefully ventilated areas taken to use wax at the correct temperature - the wax should melt but not smoke or smoldering.
In a study conducted to examine the types of snowboarding injuries and changes in injury patterns over time, data were collected on snowboarders and injured skiers at the lodge clinics of a ski resort in Vermont for 18 seasons (1988-2006) and included extensive information about patterns of injury, demographics, and experience. In conclusion of the study, the highest injury rate was among young, inexperienced, snowboarders. Injury rates in snowboarders fluctuate all the time but still remain higher than skiers. There is no evidence to be found that those who spend more time in terrain parks are more represented in the injured population.
Media
Movies
Snowboarding movies have become a major part of the development in sport. Every season, many movies are released, usually in Autumn. It's created by many specialized snowboard video production companies as well as manufacturing companies that use these films as a form of advertising. Video Snowboarding usually contains professional corporate sponsored video footage. An example of the commercial use of snowboarding films is the The White Album , a film by snowboarding legend and filmmaker Dave Seoane about Shaun White, which includes brilliant acting by Tony Hawk and sponsored by PlayStation, Mountain Dew and Burton Snowboards. Snowboarding film is also used as a snowboarding documentation and displays current sports trends and styles. In addition, the 2011 film The Art of Flight shows off skateboard players like Travis Rice trying to achieve even greater achievements in snowboarding sports.
However, sometimes the snowboarding industry does not support all snowboarding themed movies. In 2013, The Crash Reel , a long-term documentary by filmmaker Lucy Walker about former Shaun White rival Kevin Pearce, premiered at the film festival circuit for critical acclaim and then broadcast on HBO. Using traumatic brain injury-ending Pearce's career and subsequent recovery as a backdrop, the film examines the physical dangers attached to pro snowboarders and other athletes of extreme sports athletes under pressure by sponsors and the media to make an increasingly spectacular feat. While there are significant references to various brands in the film, Walker is "insisting" that the snowboarding industry does not sponsor the film in any way and in fact has been unsupportive, despite the success of mainstream film media.
Magazines
Snowboard magazines are an integral part of promoting sports, though less so with the advent of the Internet age. Photo incentives are written into many professional sponsorship contract riders who provide professionals not only publicity but financial incentives to have photos published in magazines. Snowboard magazine staff travels with professional riders throughout the winter and includes travel, contests, lifestyles, riders and company profiles, and product reviews. Recent snowboard magazines are pushing to expand their brand into the online market, and there is also growth in online publications only. Popular magazines include Kronicle (USA), Snowboarding Magazine (USA), Snowboard Magazine (USA), snowboarderMBM (Germany), Yobeat, (USA) Whitelines (UK), Pleasure (Germany), Method (Europe) , Onboard (Europe), Whiteroom Magazine (BG), Snowboard Canada (Canada), NZ Snowboarder, (New Zealand) Pyramid Magazine, and Snowboard Colorado, (USA).
Video game
Snowboarding video games provide interactive entertainment out of season. Most games for this genre have been created for consoles, such as Xbox and PlayStation. Many online casual snowboarding games also exist along with games for mobile phones. Recently, a snowboard simulator has been applied as a way to practice during off season or a way to learn it altogether.
See also
- American Association of Snowboard Instructors
- Sandboarding
- Skiboarding
- Droneboarding
References
External links
- The PSIA-AASI website
- Snowboarding Link in Curlie (based on DMOZ)
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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