Pedigree Dogs Exposed is a BBC One investigative documentary, produced by Jemima Harrison, who looks at the health and well-being issues facing genealogies in Britain. It was originally aired on August 19, 2008.
The Kennel Club (KC), the governing body of the genealogical dogs in England who runs the prestigious dog show shows Crufts, is criticized for allowing breed standards, assessing breeding standards and practices to compromise with the health of pedigree dogs.
This program raises many criticisms of the Kennel Club. It also led to various sponsors and trade exhibitors to withdraw their participation from Crufts and other Kennel Club events. The BBC - which has been broadcasting Crufts for 42 years - retracted Crufts' coverage for 2009, and chose not to update it for 2010.
Initially Kennel Club rejected the claims of the filmmakers that many dogs suffer from illness and claim that most dog breeds are healthy. He also filed a complaint with the broadcaster Ofcom, claiming unfair treatment and editing. Due to strong public opinion, he then launched a new health plan and reviewed breed standards for each breed. Some breeders have condemned the Club for overreacting. The final verdict Ofcom upheld KC's complaint regarding the lack of right of responsibility for some of the allegations made by the program but rejected complaints made in other fields. The verdict also acknowledges that KC's view of Jeff Sampson's genetics is misinterpreted but states that overall, KC is not treated unfairly.
Three separate health reports are assigned as a result of this program. The report by the Royal Society for the Prevention of Animal Cruelty, the Association of Parliamentary Groups for Animal Welfare and Sir Patrick Bateson (funded by KC and Dog Trust) concluded that breeding practices are currently detrimental to the well-being of genealogical dogs and make recommendations that can be taken by Kennel Club and breeders to improve the health of pedigree dogs.
The advanced program, Pedigree Dogs Exposed: Three Years On is broadcast on BBC 4 on February 27, 2012.
Video Pedigree Dogs Exposed
Content
A Cavalier King Charles Spaniel proved to be in pain because of a condition known as syringomyelia, which occurs as a result of a skull that is too small for the brain. Animal neurologist Dr Claire Rusbridge described the brain as "a 10 foot size that has been incorporated into size 6 shoes" and estimates that up to 1/3 of the breeds suffer from this problem. Another problem affecting the breed is heart disease. Cardiologist Simon Swift explains that about half of all 5-year-old Cavaliers will have a heart murmur and increase, so that by the age of 10 to 11 almost all Cavaliers will experience the condition.
About three quarters of the 7 million dogs in Britain are descendants of genealogy, and the program reveals that they pay 10 million pounds worth of vets every week. Leading genetics expert Steve Jones connects one of the major problems in inbreeding. The head of the RSPCA, Vet Mark Evans, chose a competitive dog that showed responsibility for the problem.
Drastic changes
Old Dachshund photos, Basset Hound, Bull Terrier, Bulldog, Pug and German Shepherd Dogs are shown to illustrate how many descendants have changed over the past century. The German shepherd used in a contrasting ring show with a working German Shepherd, who still looks like the old German Shepherd.
Judge Crufts Terry Hannan insisted that the German Shepherd who works anatomically is not right, and that it is a dog that complies with breed standards. When it was put into the Chair of the Basset Hound Club that they breed dwarf congenital defects, he rejected the accusations, claiming that the current Basset Hounds look very much like those of the 1800s. When Basset Hound's photo was shown sixty years ago, he was less impressed.
Against the Bulldog breeder's claims that the extremes of breeds, such as severe wrinkles and facial wrinkles, are for historical combat purposes, historian David Hancock points out that "the way in which breeders try to justify short, overweight and physical faces now describes as traditional not true. "The program states that the bulldog head has become so large that the majority can not give birth naturally and the puppy must be born by a cesarean section.
Boxer breeders presented as suffering from heart disease and high cancer rates, one boxer was shown to have epileptic seizures.
According to the program, dogs were originally bred for practical functions such as hunting and guarding, but, in the mid-19th century they became a status symbol, and dog breeding became a sport. The function of the dog then becomes secondary to appearance. Head of the RSPCA, Vet Mark Evans called the Crufts show a "mutant parade" and "a strange and tacky beauty show that has nothing to do with health and well-being." He pointed out that breed standards do not take into account temperament and conformity for purpose.
Eugenics
The program traces the history of the Kennel Club to the eugenics movement, which he says breeding of race dogs is based on (see dog purebred Ã,§ Eugenika and history) . A Rhodesian Ridgeback rancher interviewed on this program advocates the destruction of healthy puppies because of breed standards to prevent addiction to breeds. The Rhodesian Ridgeback Club chairman declared that he regarded helplessness as a genetic error. The back is a genetic trait, a presence that is claimed to make dogs more susceptible to dermoid sinus. This program mistakenly claims that the ridge itself is a mild form of spina bifida, and the complaint was filed with Ofcom about this error (see below) . One in twenty puppies is born without defenses. The Ridgeback Club Rhodesian ethical code section is shown to state that "Ridgeless puppies must be annihilated." (This sounds more dramatic than possible programs, however.
When asked about the practice of the destruction of healthy puppies (with the implication that killing them is what they intended), Kennel Club chairman Ronnie Irving rejected the knowledge of the practice and said they were unacceptable. It was shown that after the interview, Kennel Club wrote to the Rhodesian Ridgeback Club to condemn the practice and asked the club to review their code of ethics. The breed club says that the Kennel Club knows about the code of ethics, as they must be ratified by the Kennel Club every year.
Apart from Ridgebacks, other examples of annihilation for cosmetic reasons mentioned include Great Danes with nonstandard signs, white German Shepherds, and white Boxers, although it is mentioned that annihilation with slaughter is not as common as before, as more breeders opt for neutral individuals that do not meet breed standards. (There is a high demand and tantalizing for pure bred dogs as lesser-castrated pets that can show specimens that can breed.)
Aside from the annihilation problem, the program shows that dogs raised selectively have worse health than a mongrel. (For more information, see Hybrid vigor.)
Inbreeding
Deliberate intentional marriages, including mother-to-child, father-to-child and brother-to-sister marriages are said to produce serious genetic disease perpetuated in many breeds. The 2006 report by the Companion Animal Welfare Council calls for a major change, stating that "inbreeding needs to be controlled" and that "animals with genetic defects should be banned from breeds." Irving rejected the claim in the report, saying it was based on emotion rather than science.
A 2004 paper by Kennel Club geneticist Jeff Sampson mentions that "Unfortunately, the restrictive pattern of breeding that has been developed as part and parcel of the purebred dog scene has not been without additional damage to all breeds..." and that "more and more inherited diseases that burden the serious burden of disease on many, if not all, breeds of dogs. "But when interviewed for the program, Sampson claims that" most of the dogs we list [...] will live long, happy and healthy. " A study by Imperial College, London, shows that 10,000 pugs in Britain are so educated that their gene pool is equivalent to only 50 individuals.
Health test
It shows that of the more than two hundred breeds registered by the Kennel Club, mandatory health tests exist only for Irish Setter and Irish Red and White Setter. The Kennel Club defended the lack of health testing requirements, saying that it would encourage breeders away from the club. British Association of Veterinarians Nick Blayney agrees with the Kennel Club, stating that "if it becomes too reactionary and loses majority support, it will stop having influence." They do the best they can in very difficult situations.
The program shows that there is no official system for recording inherited diseases, and claims that any existing health screen "is often inadequate or ineffective." In Cavalier breeding, responsible breeders have been using cardiac screening tests since 1995, but as many ignore the veterinarian's advice to only breed dogs above a certain age, there has been no health advancement on the front. The Kennel Club defended the lack of improvement, stating that things could get worse nothing was done.
Positive step
The program recognizes the Kennel Club's efforts to improve health problems, in the form of an Accredited Nursery Scheme, and funding for DNA testing, but says it does not solve the problem of inbreeding. It is also acknowledged that Chairman Ronnie Irving has spoken of excessive qualities in several breeds. Some standard breeds, such as Bulldog's, have been changed to dampen the great men. Instead of "big head", the new standard for "big head". The Kennel Club has also added health and welfare issues to the curriculum for judges. But the program warns that it will be useless if farmers continue to deny the need for change, or interpret whatever breed standards they like.
Champion Sick
This program shows individual examples of serious congenital diseases being crowned champions of the event. Such people are not forbidden to be raised and others continue to produce offspring that inherit the same disease.
It was reported that the 2003 Crufts champion - a Peking - had to sit in an ice bag to photograph. This program explains that breeds tend to overheat because of their inability to breathe properly, as a result of their flat faces. The dog was revealed to have undergone a soft ceiling resection before, to correct the problems caused by a flat face. Professor Dan Brockman of Royal Veterinary College explained that the condition is inherited and most likely passed down to the next generation. However, the Crufts champions have contributed 18 liters.
The program states that people in the world of dogs who try to do the right thing find it difficult to resist "systems that often do the wrong thing." This shows that the Kennel Club has begun funding research into syringomyelia in the Cavaliers but the breeder does not take the matter seriously. It also shows that due to its proactive approach to the Syringomyelia issue, the owner of Cavalier, Carol Fowler, has been subjected to very sharp attacks on online mailing lists. The farmer Margaret Carter also raised this issue after her own dog was diagnosed with the condition, and she lobbied for change as part of the Breed Club health committee.
A Cavalier who won Best-in-Show was disclosed by Carter to have the condition. (One and a half months after the program aired, Carter was expelled from the Cavalier Club Committee for this "privacy breach".) Despite the veterinarian's advice not to breed from the dog, the dog went on to burn 26 liters, adding 8 liters better before diagnosis. Dr Claire Rusbridge expressed her disbelief: "If you take a stick and you hit a dog to create the pain you can get from Syringomyelia, you will be prosecuted, but nothing stops you from breeding a dog that can be painful."
When informed that the Kennel Club did not do enough, Irving dismissed the claim that many breeds were in trouble, and stated that the Kennel Club and the Charitable Trust did a lot to fix the problem in "some offspring." The program concludes with the Head of the RSPCA, Vet Mark Evans, who calls for "a complete top-to-bottom review of breed standards and dog rules and regulations that show to keep him from his obsession with beauty to quality of life".
Maps Pedigree Dogs Exposed
Reaction
The program, which spans a two-year production period, is watched by 3.9 million viewers.
Before the program aired, Kennel Club issued a statement warning that the program may be highly biased. After airing, he released several press releases questioning the neutrality and "sensationalism" of the program. He also filed a complaint with the broadcasting registrar Ofcom claiming "unfair treatment and editing". The BBC has stood by journalism in the documentary.
The Rhodesian Ridgeback Club calls the "absolute nonsense" program claims that the ridge is "pointless" and says the ridge "defines the type of other large brown dogs without ridges that might be considered crossbreed ie mastiff x pitbull or boxer x mastiff". Regarding the declaration of the code of ethics that says "Unwashed puppies must be annihilated at birth", the Club points on the next statement, "if a breeder finds that it is morally impossible for the puppy to be nourished." as an indication that extermination is not mandatory. They have revised their code of ethics to say "no healthy puppies will be destroyed".
The RSPCA states that they are "concerned about high levels of disability, deformity and disease affecting genealogies".
In his speech at the Welsh Kennel Club championship two days after the program aired, Kennel Club Chairman Ronnie Irving said that "If this program teaches us anything, I hope it will teach 'puritans' in some descendants that they must move and realize that in days that are politically correct and well informed, some old attitudes are no longer sustainable. "Maintaining that the majority of healthy dogs he says that" about 90% of us who are grateful to have healthy offspring should continue to be wary of overreaction and should give pressure to bear back, otherwise we will - all of us - continue to be stretched out with the same brush ".
Dogs Today editor Beverley Cuddy, who said in the program that "dogs are a mess" and "the number of genetic problems is increasing at an alarming rate" dispute the 90% Kennel Club number. He pointed to a health survey of the Kennel Club/British Animal Animal Veterinary Association, which showed that 37.4% of dogs had at least one serious health problem at age 5, and added that Kennel Club should reduce conditions such as hip dysplasia, patellar slipping and cataract offspring to get their 90% figure.
On October 5, 2008, Margaret Carter, who revealed the health conditions of the Cavalier Best-of-Breed in the film, was selected from the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Club (CKCSC) committee by its members in a Special Meeting for "breach of confidentiality". The Kennel Club has expressed concern with the decision by CKCSC. In January 2009, supported by grassroots members, Carter sought re-election to the committee, but was elected without a required ballot because he was the only candidate. He has since withdrawn his candidacy and left the breed club after the club's chairman, deputy chairman and secretary announced their resignation in response to the Carter nomination. Carter told The Times: "My only interest is to improve the health of dogs and never have my intention to damage Cavalier King Charles's club where I have been a loyal member for over 30 years..The top shows people and breeders are most threatened by health testing They want to win in the show or make money and they do not want health problems to be discussed. "Club chairman Lesley Jupp said that" His presence on the committee was unacceptable situations like that.Some people will find it very difficult to work with it ".
As a consequence of this program, cat breeders are also under pressure from animal and animal welfare associations, with breeds like Persia, Scottish Fold and Munchkin selected.
Sponsor
After the program aired, the BBC, which has been broadcasting Crufts for 42 years, announced that they are considering breaking its relationship with the show. The club also is considering their relationship with the BBC, saying that they are confident of finding other broadcasters should things turn sour. Various sponsors include the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, the People's Dispensary for the Sick and the UK's largest dog welfare charity, the Dogs Trust, has since been pulled out of the show. On October 24, main sponsors of Pedigree Petfoods withdraw their sponsorship from Crufts - estimated between £ 0.5 to £ 1.5 million a year - ending a 44-year relationship, but remain an official sponsor through their Royal Canin brand. Which was followed by the main sponsor of Hill's Pet Nutrition which was withdrawn from the event a week later.
On December 12, the BBC dropped Crufts 2009 from his schedule after failing to agree terms with KC. Their request to drop the "risky" 12th seed of the main event was rejected by the Kennel Club, calling the request "unreasonable" and saying it would jeopardize their "contractual obligations" and "general responsibility for our dog and audience exhibitors. ". The Kennel Club contract with the BBC is six digits annual and ends in 2010.
Standard of the revised breed
On October 7, 2008, Kennel Club announced that they are launching a new health plan. Breed standards for each breed are under review and indicate that the jury will be required to consider jury considerations. It has also called for regulatory powers from the Government, which will allow the club to take action against breeders who do not comply with health standards. Several breed clubs have cursed the Kennel Club for overreacting. The Bulldog breed council has rejected the new Bulldog standard, saying that they "do not understand how the health and general welfare of the breed can be improved with the proposed changes".
On January 12th, the Kennel Club released a revised breed standard, which would "exclude anything that could be interpreted as a push feature that might prevent the dog from breathing, walking and seeing freely." "This will help prevent the practice of exaggeration, where features that are considered desirable, such as a short snout or loose skin, are made more prominent by breeders, and which can have detrimental effects on dog health." The rules for prohibiting close-blood marriage (parents/children and siblings/siblings) will take effect from 1 March 2009. The rules of the show have been changed to state "more clearly than ever" that judges should only "reward dogs who are healthy representatives of their breeds ". The judge will also have the authority to remove the unhealthy dog ​​from the competition. A spokeswoman for the Club said that change would require "several generations, to have an effect".
Pedigree Dogs Exposed producer Jemima Harrison calls the "long overdue" change. The chief physician of RSPCA Evans welcomed the ban on the bloodless marriage but said that the breed standard changes were not "radical enough to really make a difference". He also expressed concern about how the standards would be interpreted in the show rings. While some breeders have shown their support for new standards, others are angry with new standards and have threatened legal action against the Kennel Club. The chairman of the British Bulldog Breed Council said of the new Bulldog standard: "What you will get is a completely different dog, not an English bulldog, no jaws, no progress of the nose and the feet will not be wide anymore, in front and narrow in back. "
Complaints to Ofcom and the BBC
Ofcom was set to release its verdict on November 9, but a complaint by the BBC pressed Ofcom to postpone its issuance. Kennel Club has declared a loss of confidence in Ofcom's complaint process.
The findings were finally released on December 9th. Four of the five areas of the Kennel Club complaint were dismissed. The partial complaint is related to the lack of right of responsibility for several allegations. KC claimed 15 such examples but its verdict dismissed all but four: allegations of eugenics, comparisons with Hitler, associations with Nazi racial theory, and the implied closure of operations experienced by Crufts champions. Two complaints by Rhodesian Ridgeback Club of Great Britain are enforced: an unfair representation of research on the dermoid sinuses in the Ridgebacks and club actions relating to this issue, and descriptions of the breed's backs as the deformity and shape of Spina Bifida. Claim CKCS breeder Virginia Barwell that she is described as a "cruel breeder dog" was rejected by Ofcom but stated that unfair editing oversimplified her view. Complaints by CKCSC and Michael Randall, a German Shepherd handler who appeared in a short recording, were not enforced.
The Kennel Club's complaints upheld in the temporary findings previously contested by the BBC are an unfair representation of Kennel Club's geneticist, Jeff Sampson, and a lack of opportunity to respond to Crufts' closing claims. While the interim findings state that there are "some unfair treatment" from the Kennel Club, the released discovery recognizes that Sampson's view is misinterpreted but states that overall, the Kennel Club is not being treated unfairly. Kennel Club states that "Professor Sampson is a senior representative and our spokesman on the health and genetic issues that affect dogs." Therefore, it is surprising that Ofcom also did not conclude, on this occasion, that the Kennel Club itself is therefore not represented fairly. completely changed my mind at this point since the interim decision. "
Breeder Dave Moger, who is a health representative of the Cavalier South and West Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Club, filed a complaint against the program with the BBC Editorial Complaints Unit soon after it aired. After pursuing the case for nearly two years, through five layers of the complaint and appeals process, in the final verdict, the BBC Trust does not support complaints.
In June 2011, the findings of two more complaints were released. After the decision of Ofcom, Pedigree Dogs Exposed was re-edited for sale and broadcast abroad. Both complaints claim that the film is still misleading and does not comply with the decision Ofcom. The BBC's Editorial Standards Committee decided that an edited script that says "the ridge affects dogs to the Spina Bifida mild form" is still not accurate. The Committee stated that RSPCA's description of Chief Vet Mark Evans about the ridge as an abnormality is an expression of his opinion but that the Rhodesian Ridgeback Club's representatives should be given the right to avenge that criticism. In relation to complaints on the suppression of healthy animal destruction, the committee decided that while the film still included a statement that "it is still enshrined in the Rhodesian Ridgeback Club's ethical code that immature puppies should be annihilated." endboard stating that "Since the Pedigree Dog broadcast was hit, the Kennel Club has introduced many changes... this includes... a new Code of Conduct prohibiting healthy dogs from being destroyed for cosmetic reasons." meet the requirements of the accuracy guidelines. Two other complaints are not enforced.
RSPCA Report
In February 2009, the results of an independent scientific report commissioned by the RSPCA concluded that "excessive physical features and inherited diseases cause serious welfare problems in genealogies". Citing Arman (2007), the report states that "Society and parts of the veterinary profession have become 'insensitive to welfare issues in such a way that the production of anatomically deformed dogs is not surprising, or is considered abnormal'". It also states that "Breeding practices and efforts by the breeding community and the kennel club, until recently, have been ineffective in protecting the well-being of many domestic dog breeds" and that "changes in breeding and selection practices are urgently needed". Kennel Club stated that the report "failed miserably to recognize the real progress and advancement of scientific knowledge that has been made in the field of pedigree dog health."
APGAW Request
The Association of Parliamentary Associations for Animal Welfare (APGAW) released the results of an "investigation of health and welfare issues around a pedigree dog farm" in November. The report mentions "serious problems with the health and well-being of many pedigree dogs" and how they can be caused by current breeding practices. It makes various recommendations: The breed standards should be based less on "visual aesthetics" and more about whether the dog will be "fit for purpose". If available for certain breeds, medical tests should be strongly recommended and untested individuals should have their test status as reflected in the registration certificate and may not be eligible for title.
The investigation also stated that "KC should make a decision about whether registering dogs or the health and well-being of dogs is their primary goal and focus their attention more precisely on this matter when taking this issue forward".
More4 was criticized for their plan to broadcast Crufts 2010. "Until health and welfare issues are addressed, showing certain dogs with issues related to improper breed standards is wrong". More4 Spokesman stated that "its scope will place special emphasis on health and welfare issues, providing a high profile platform to keep these issues in the public eye - something that has been welcomed by the British Veterinary Association".
The APGAW report shows that the low breeding standards practiced by some people in the KC Accredited Nursery Scheme - a scheme intended to help potential dog owners identify responsible breeders - could allow the public to "falsely lead to the thinking of the puppies they buy from an accredited breeder registered with KC will have no health or welfare issues related to the history of the breeding ". It calls for more random inspection and strong enforcement of the scheme and states that "the use of the word 'genealogy' should be linked to high standards of breeding (for health and well-being) across the board with KC not only with some deciding to join the Accredited Breeder Scheme (ABS) ".
Investigations believe that ultimately KC can win back trust by showing that they are willing to take responsibility for the dogs registered with them and that they are willing to lose members who do not meet the high standards.
The report warns that if health measures implemented by KC fail, government regulation may be necessary. The Kennel Club has issued a response to the report. PDE producer Jemima Harrison condemned KC's response, stating that they downplayed KC criticism in the report and misrepresented the findings.
Bateson Report
An independent investigation by colleagues in dog breeding, led by Sir Patrick Bateson and funded by Kennel Club and Dogs Trust, with support from Defra was released in January 2010.
"Formal-sparked selective breeding has changed the form of a famous breed far from the norm 50 to 100 years ago by exaggerating the peculiarly distinctive features of the breed" and in many cases it has a negative impact on well-being. In some cases, selection for certain characteristics written in breed standards "can be directly proven to threaten health and wellbeing".
To an outsider, it seems incomprehensible that anyone should admire it, let alone get an animal that has trouble breathing or walking. Yet people are passionate about owning and breeding animals they know and love, even though animals show real health and welfare problems seriously... Despite the motivation of the breeders, time certainly comes for the Society as a whole to take the company. the clutches of welfare issues that clearly appear in dog breeding.
The report states that shows and judgments are powerful levers for change, as demonstrated by changes in form for many breeds but these powerful levers can now be used to achieve the desired welfare improvement. Revisions to breed standards should "recognize the need to avoid elections for extreme morphology that could damage the health and well-being of dogs" and in breeds already with problems, standards should "encourage elections for morphology that will improve the welfare status of the breed".
Excessive inbreeding rates are caused by small founding populations (see founder effect), deliberate use of inbreeding (including line marriages) to improve desired characteristics, and closed stud studs. While inbreeding "can have beneficial effects from cleansing some destructive properties", it can improve the recessive destructive properties, resulting in the accidental selection of destructive traits and also resulting in reduced fitness (see inbreeding depression). Although KC has banned the captivity of parents/children and siblings/siblings, the report also suggests that grandparents marry as well. In breeds with insufficient genetic variation to enable selection of high-welfare dogs, "evidence-based cultivation to resolve problems should not be ruled out only to support what is no more than the artificial boundaries around the breed."
The establishment of a non-statutory dog ​​advisory board is recommended as "it is difficult for clubs to become judges and jurors when introducing proposals for reforms for breeders who have strong opinions about dog breeding and are often very stubborn."
The report calls for a "tight, robust, and respected" quality assurance scheme to help buyers identify good breeders. The Kennel Club is advised to upgraded the Accredited Breeder Scheme immediately and apply for accreditation of the Royal Accreditation, otherwise the Advisory Board should implement a new scheme. The report also covers issues beyond the scope of the program and also touches on large-scale breeding of dogs.
The Kennel Club states that "greets the report's focus on irresponsible breeders" and recommendations "to tackle irresponsible breeders and to change the way people think about buying dogs". It is "pleased" that the report "indicates that the Accredited Accredited Breeder Scheme of the Kennel Club, with some modifications may be used". He claims that the report "could go further".
International broadcast
In Australia, ABC1 broadcasting Pedigree Dogs Exposed on September 10, 2009 provoked the same public reaction, breeders and media that surrounded the original BBC broadcast.
References
External links
- Pedigree Dogs Exposed in the BBC Program
- Pedigree Dogs Exposed at Passionate Productions
- Kennel Club responses to genealogy dog ​​health issues in 1985 on YouTube
- Design animals or breed for prosperity? (Video) - Veterans Animal Welfare Foundation of the British Association
- Best of Breed? Pedigree Dogs Face Disease (video caption) ABC Nightline
- Crisis at home: Is Crufts cruel?
- Top dogs and low tactics: how the Crufts lineage is under the shadow
- The level of inbreeding in pedigree dogs is revealed in Imperial College London new study
- Defects on claws - Welfare issues in breeding gene breeds New Scientists
- Breeding of pedigree dogs in the UK: main welfare concerns? - RSPCA
- A Better Future for Dog Pedigree - APGAW Request Report
- More than 1.5mln pedigree database - Genealogy database of dogs
- Pedigree Dogs Exposed on IMDb
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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