The lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (LGBT) rights in the Netherlands are the most progressive in the world. Sexual sexual activity was legalized in 1811 after France invaded the country and installed the Napoleon Code, abolished the remaining sodomy laws and nothing else was enacted after the country received independence. During the late twentieth century, awareness about homosexuality grew and society became more tolerant of homosexuality, which eventually led to declassification as a mental illness in 1973 and a ban on discrimination based on sexual orientation in the military. The Equal Rights Act, enacted in 1994, prohibits discrimination in sexual orientation on the basis of employment, housing, public accommodation, and more. After the country began providing the same partner as a domestic partnership in 1998, the Netherlands became the world's first country to legalize same-sex marriage in 2001. The joint adoption and adoption of stepchildren were also permitted. The lesbian couple can gain access to IVF as well.
The Netherlands has become one of the most culturally liberal countries in the world, with recent polls showing that more than 90% of Dutch people support same-sex marriage. Amsterdam has often been referred to as one of the most LGBT friendly cities in the world, renowned for its many accomodations particularly with regard to the LGBT community, including many gay bars, bath houses, hotels and places as well as Pink Point, which provides LGBT friendly information and souvenirs and the national Homomonument, which was completed in 1987 and is the world's first monument to commemorate homosexuals who were persecuted and murdered during World War II.
Video LGBT rights in the Netherlands
The law on same-sex sexual activity
Between 1730 and 1811, sodomy was regarded as a capital crime by the Dutch Republic, resulting in widespread panic throughout the Netherlands and the persecution of hundreds of homosexuals. After the French invaded and installed the Napoleon Code in 1811, all laws opposed to same-sex sexual activity among adults were withdrawn. After the Dutch received independence in 1813, no new sodomy laws were enacted. Christian-based political parties enacted Article 248bis of the Criminal Code in 1911, which increased the age of consent for same-sex sexual activity to 21 while the age of consent for heterosexual activity remained at 16. The law which mentions public indecency is also often used against homosexuals.
During World War II, Nazi Germany introduced Paragraph 175 into Dutch law, which prohibits same-sex sexual activity once again. The law was lifted after the end of the war.
During the mid-20th century, Dutch psychiatrists and priests began to see homosexuality less critical and in 1973, homosexuality was no longer treated as a mental illness. This makes the way for homosexuals to serve in the military. Article 248bis was repealed in 1971, which equalized the age of consent for same-sex sexual activity.
Maps LGBT rights in the Netherlands
Recognition of same-sex relations
The Dutch parliament began to provide the same pairs in partnership partnerships on January 1, 1998 as an alternative to marriage, which is also allowed for opposite sex couples. The Netherlands became the first country in the world to legalize same-sex marriage in 2001, with the law coming into effect on 1 April. During that day, Job Cohen, Mayor of Amsterdam, married four same-sex couples after becoming a special registrar to lead the marriage. The bill has passed the House of Representatives with 109 votes against 33. Although same-sex marriages can take place in the European regions of the Netherlands and the Caribbean region of the Netherlands including Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba, same-sex marriage takes place in Aruba, CuraÃÆ'§ao and Sint Maarten, the constituent state of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, is not officially legitimate. As a result of Article 40 of the Charter of the Kingdom of the Kingdom, same-sex marriages performed elsewhere in the Kingdom shall be recognized in all territories, however, they are not authorized to guarantee equal treatment of same-sex couples with legal marriage licenses.
Prior to 2014, civil servants (wedding officials) could refuse to marry same-sex couples during the city government to ensure that other civil servants are available to celebrate marriage. In 2014, a law passed that made it illegal for all wedding offices to reject their services to same-sex couples.
Public Opinion
According to a poll conducted in May 2013, Ifop indicates that 85% of Dutch residents favor marriage and same-sex adoption. EU member polls conducted in 2015 show that 91% of Dutch support same-sex marriage, which is the highest amount of support during that time. In the Caribbean region of the Kingdom, most citizens are religious, resulting in greater opposition to same-sex marriage than in Europe.
Protection of discrimination
The Dutch Parliament enacted the Equal Rights Act in 1994, which prohibits discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation in public, private and private employment, housing and accommodation. Transgender people are protected under the 'gender' category. Although gender identity is not mentioned specifically, there are cases where the Netherlands Human Rights Institute has decided that transgender people belong to this clause. However, by 2014 the Ministry of BZK starts exploring how the prohibition of discrimination based on gender identity and gender expression can be made explicit in the Equal Rights Act. The results are published on June 23, 2016. The report states that while discrimination against transgender people is prohibited, it is recommended for explicit prohibitions in the Equal Rights Act to raise awareness of this prohibition. The report also recommends to prohibit discrimination of persons with intersex conditions. On January 16, 2017, the political parties D66, PvdA and GL issued a bill to amend the Equal Rights Act. This bill will explicitly prohibit discrimination on the grounds of sexual characteristics, gender identity and gender expression. The bill was debated on June 5, 2018 at the House of Representatives. During this debate, amendments were introduced to replace the term "heterosexual or homosexual orientation" with the term "sexual orientation" to include all orientations, including bisexual and asexual persons. The date on which the Parliament will vote on the bill and the amendment, has not been determined.
Recently, the gap has been fixed in the Equal Rights Act . Before these religious schools are financed by the Government it is not permissible to dismiss or deny the teacher about "one fact" of one's sexual orientation. However, some schools have interpreted this, that they can dismiss a teacher for behavior outside the facility as opposed to the school ethos. This resulted in the termination of a teacher in 2005 due to being in same-sex relationships. This law is called 'de enkelefeitconstructie' ('single fact' construction). A bill that abolished the 'single fact' rule and ensured that LGBT students and teachers could not be dismissed because of their sexual orientation was debated in Parliament. On May 27, 2014, the bill was approved by most of the House of Representatives (141-9) and on March 10, 2015 the bill was approved by the Senate (72-3). The bill is valid on July 1, 2015.
Adoption and parenting
The same-gender adoption was legalized alongside same-sex marriage in 2001, which included joint adoption and stepchildren. The Dutch parliament also began allowing same-sex couples to adopt children abroad in 2005. Lesbian couples can gain access to IVF care, as well as custody rights for their children.
Gender identity and expression
In December 2013, the Dutch Parliament massively approved a bill that would allow transgender people to change their gender legally on their birth certificates and other official documents without undergoing sterilization and genital change operations. The law comes into force in 2014. In addition, transgender people are allowed to serve openly in the military.
Since 1970 it has been possible to declare the birth certificate 'sex indeterminable', when the sex of a newborn is unclear. On May 28, 2018, the Limburg District Court ruled in favor of a Dutch citizen to have their birth certificate amended, having expressed a desire to be recognized as a 'third sex'. Although the current law does not allow for registration as a 'third sex', the judge does grant the request for the words 'sex can not be determined'. The court urges lawmakers to give more choice than the current generic "male" and "female" boxes, in the absence of gender-neutral options as violations of private life, the right to self-determination and personal autonomy for both transgender. and intersex people.
Blood donor
In the Netherlands, as in many other countries, men who have sex with men (MSM) previously were not allowed to donate blood. The populations of MSM in developed countries tend to have a relatively high prevalence of HIV/AIDS infection, so blanket prohibitions are enforced until 2015. In April 2012, the House of Representatives voted for a motion that would end this ban and would make risky sexual behavior criteria for blood donors; In response, the government has asked the blood banks of Sanquin and Maastricht University to investigate whether men who have sex with men should be allowed to donate blood. The report, presented on March 6, 2015, shows that there is a medical scientific basis to adjust the donor selection policy around men who have sex with other men. This eliminates the main argument for security risks. On October 28, 2015, the Minister of Health, Welfare and Sports announced that a 12-month delay to donate blood would replace the lifelong ban.
Housing conditions
The Netherlands has often been referred to as one of the most gay friendly countries in the world, due to the early adoption of the LGBT rights law, and the perception of tolerance. Amsterdam has been named one of the most gay-friendly cities in the world by publications such as The Independent . The annual gay pride festival has been held in Amsterdam annually since 1996. The festival attracts several hundred thousand visitors annually and is therefore one of the largest publicly held events in the Netherlands. Amsterdam has also been the host city of Europride twice, in 1994 and 2016. With the latter attracting more than 560,000 visitors.
According to the 2016 relationship of the Dutch Institute for Social Research, most Dutch people have a positive attitude toward homosexuality. Only 7% of Dutch people perceive negative homo- and bisexuality and 10% perceive transgender people as negative. However, 3.8% of gays and lesbians were victims of violence, compared with 2.4% of heterosexuals. And 32% of respondents stated that they would be offended when they saw two men kissing and 23% when seeing two women kissing (and 12% when seeing two people of the opposite sex kiss).
In April 2017, same-sex couples were attacked by a group of Moroccan youths in the city of Arnhem. After the attack, some politicians, police officers, priests and many others showed their opposition to LGBT violence by holding hands in public. Displays also occur in other countries, namely England, the United States and Australia. Approximately 400 to 600 attacks on LGBT occurred between 2011 and 2017, according to the LGBT COC group.
Summary table
See also
- Human rights in the Netherlands
- same-sex marriage in Aruba, CuraÃÆ'§ao and Sint Maarten
- LGBT Rights in Europe
References
External links
- History of the Rights of LGBT Netherlands
- Dutch COC
- De Gay Krant
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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